来源:学而思奥数网 作者:E度小编 2010-05-20 15:44:55
一、外研版教材初二年级上册知识汇总
各单元语法点列表:
Module 1表示建议的句型
Module 2现在完成时的学习
Module 3现在完成时中副词already, yet, just 等的应用
Module 4现在完成时中for, since 的应用
Module 5学习反义疑问句
Module 6过去进行时的学习
Module 1感官动词的学习
Module 8 表示方位的介词的学习
Module 9动词不定式的学习
Module 10对可以接不定式的动词的学习
Module 11表示可能性的副词may, might, probably等的学习
Module 12对表示猜测的情态动词must, mustn't, can, can't 等的掌握。
语法点拨:
表示建议的句型
◆其后接动词原形的句型
Let's …, shall we?
Why not do sth?
Don't do sth
You'd better do sth
Shall I/we do sth?
You'd better not do sth
Why don't you do sth?
We should / can do sth.
◆其后接不定式的句型
It's a good idea to do sth.
Would you like to do sth?
Try to do sth.
Remember to do sth.
Don't forget to do sth.
.
◆其后接动名词的句型
How/ What about doing sth?
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的用法:
现在完成时表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。这一类情况可以分为下面两种情况:
◆表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常和recently, just, now, already, yet, not…yet等连用。如:
Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。 (说明现在灯关上了)
I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。(说明可以交作业或做别的了)
◆表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去。常和for, since连用。
如:We have lived here since 2000.
二、基本结构:
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词。否定形式应在have/has后加not变为haven't/hasn't;疑问句应将have/has放在句子主语之前。被动形式为:has/have been done。如:
I have read the book.
I have not seen him before.
This book has been returned to the library.
三、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时都表示在过去发生的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如动作对现在产生的影响、结果等;而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。所以,一些表示过去时间的状语只能与一般过去时连用,而不能与现在完成时连用,如果句中有ago, last等表过去时间的词或用when对过去的动作发生的时间进行提问,则不能用现在完成时。
例1: I have seen the film. (我现在已经了解这部电影的内容了)
I saw the film last week. (只说明上周看过电影,不涉及现在)
例2: He has lived here since 1972. (现在还住在这里)
He lived here in 1972. (不涉及他现在是否住在这儿)
例3: I have bought a red car. (既叙述了过去发生的动作,又强调了与现在的关系)
l bought a red car. (只叙述过去发生的事实,与现在无关)
例4: Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park?
你们曾在公园里摘过花或踩过草地吗?
例5:My father bought that watch ten years ago.
我的爸爸十年前买了那块手表。
四、几个副词的区别
1). already, still与yet
already用于肯定句,表示"已经";still 表示某事仍在进行,主要用于肯定句;yet用于否定句句末,表示"还",用于疑问句句末,表示"已经"。
He had already left when I called. 当我给他打电话时,他已经离开了。
Have you found your ruler yet? 你已经找到你的尺子了吗?
I haven't finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成作业。
It's seven o'clock, but they are still having a meeting. 现在已经七点了,但他们仍在开会。
注意:already还可以表示惊奇,惊讶等语气,常用于疑问句句末。
Has your son gone to school already? 你的儿子已经上学了吗?(表示很惊讶)
2). 副词ever 和never多用于否定或疑问句中,表示"曾经"和"从未"等。 如:
---Have you ever seen this movie? 你曾经看过这部电影吗?
---I have never seen it. 我从未看过。
3). for与since
since后接时间点,for后接一段时间。如:
I've studied English for two years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1990.
五、延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法
延续性动词是指该动词所表示的动作可以延续一段时间,如:live, work, study, teach, stay等。非延续性动词是指该动词所表示的动作不能延续,是在短时间里完成的,如:borrow, come, arrive, get, leave, die等。
1、用于完成时的区别
延续性动词表示经验、经历;非延续性动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。(表示结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表示经历)
2、非延续性动词变为延续性动词的方法
非延续性动词 延续性动词
come/go be at/in
arrive/reach be
begin/start be on
borrow keep
buy have
close be closed
die be dead
get up be up
join be in
leave be away
open be open
put on wear
catch a cold have a cold
fall asleep be asleep
六、have/has been to,have/has gone to和have/has been in的区别
have been to 表示"去过"某地,常与 ever, never, …before, once, twice 等连用;have gone to 表示"去了"某地,人可能在途中或已经到达那里。have been in表示"已在某地(呆了多久)"。如:
1) ---Have you ever been to Beijing? 你去过北京吗?
---Yes, I've been there twice. 是的,我去过那里两次。
2) My parents have gone to the park. 我父母去公园了。
3) They have been in China for two years. 他们已经在中国呆了两年了。
过去进行时
一、 过去进行时的构成
主语+ be(was/ were) + 动词的现在分词
二、 过去进行时的用法
1)表示在过去的某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态,常与this time yesterday, at that time, then, at 9:00 last Sunday morning, all night等表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
---What were you doing this time yesterday?
---I was watching TV.
2) 表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行。过去进行时也可用来表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作。如:
When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.
While we were having a party, the lights went out.
3) 表示两个过去的动作同时进行,这时可用连词while连接。如:
I was writing while my mother was cooking.
George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio.
试卷答案及部分详解
第I卷
五、单项填空:(共10分,每小题0.5分)
19. D 考查时态。现在完成时的用法。have been to 去过某地;have gone to 去了某地。
20. C 考查系动词。主语是music,因此谓语用sound.
21. B 考查非谓语动词。动词的固定句型 tell sb to do sth.
22. C 考查数词。thousands of成千的。
23. C 考查形容词的最高级。固定句型 one of the + 最高级+ 名词复数。表示"最…..的之一"。
24. D 考查代词。everyone做主语时,谓语动词用单数。
25. A 考查连词。并列连词and
26. C 考查文化。London Eye"伦敦眼"是伦敦最吸引游人的观光点,坐落在伦敦泰晤士河畔,是现在世界第三大摩天轮。
27. B 考查现在完成时。现在完成时的特殊疑问句形式为:特殊疑问词+ have/ has+ 主语+ 过去分词。另,在某地居住为have been in some place for +年数。
28. A考查动词短语的意思。go off (灯)熄灭;fall down摔倒;get on 上车,进行;put up 举起,抬起。
29. B 考查动词短语的意思。take them off 脱下;try them on试穿;put them on穿上。
30. B 考查动词的用法。prefer to do sth.;看杂志 read magazines.
31. A 情景交际。
32. C 考查现在完成时的用法。现在完成时中短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的副词连用,应转换为相对应的延续性动词。例如:borrow---keep。I have kept it for two weeks and have to return it now.
33. B 考查现在完成时的用法。have been to some place去过某地。
34. A 考查动词的时态。动词过去时和现在完成时的用法区别。
35. D 介词的用法。the sun is shining through the window.
36. C 考查动词的时态。过去进行时表示过去的某个时间正在做某事。
37. D 考查现在完成时的反义疑问句。Lucy's changed her mind, hasn't she?
38. B 考查情态动词的用法。may表推测。
六、完形填空 (共12分,每小题1分)
做题技巧点拨:
完形填空6部走:
通读全文:通常用1分钟左右浏览全文,把我文章主要人物、事件
细读首句:把握全文的感情基调。
逐字突破:开始做题,碰到填不出的题可暂时跳过。
上下求索:填不出的空通过上下反复衡量选出答案。
回首望月:最后几个空要回头看前文照应的内容及感情基调做出选择。
回文检查:把所选择的选项填到文中再读一遍。
39. C 上下文。从第一句话得知全文的背景,not safe导致worried.
40. B 上下文。由上文知,因为社区不安全,所以父母考虑要搬家thinking about moving.
41. C 主旨题。由全文知,Richard做了努力使社区变得安全和美好。另外,由第41个空后面的nicer可推测出与之相近的选项应为safer.
42. A 上下文。他为社区的安全做了各种事情,其中包括try to get a law passed.
43. B 上下文。除了上文所做的事情以外,他还。。。因此用also.
44. B 上下文。为社区的安全而挣钱。to get more money.
45. B 上下文。根据上文,和45个空之前的名词food, books, clothes保持一致,所以用medicine.
46. D 语法。固定搭配。give him $25,000 for his good work.
47. A 上下文。根据上文,知把钱给了小区,用it代指money.
48. C 语法。时间副词的用法。他长大后when he gets older。
49. D 上下文。由上文知,他一直在帮助别人,将来他可以继续帮助人们。keep helping the people who need help most.
50. D 上下文。排除法。
七、阅读理解(共10分,每题1分)
A
51. A 细节题。直接查找答案。
52. A细节题。直接查找答案。
53. D 细节推断题。简单计算后得出答案。
54. D 细节推断题。
B
55. A 细节题。第一段第二句可以得到答案。
56. A 推断题。第二段最后一句"but I like my farm very much because…."知,he is tired but happy. 一定要注意but之后的句子,之后往往为题目的答案。
57. A 推断题。第一段倒数第5、6句可知he lives in the southeast of Britain.
C
58. D 推测题。
59. D 细节题。My shoulders started to burn. 题目中的选项换了一种说法the writer's shoulders were on fire.
60. C 推测题。用排除法得出正确答案。
第II卷
一、阅读与填空(共10分,每小题1分)
61. well 62. have sent 63. took 64. manned 65. heroes
66. They 67. explore 68. environment 69. times 70. on
二、 根据中文提示完成句子(共10分,每小题2分)
71. With the help of Internet, students can learn more about the world.
72. I hope to see you soon.
73. Many teenagers are fond of singing pop songs.
74. There is a long way to go to solve the traffic problem in Beijing.
75. We should not only learn knowledge but also develop our ability at school.
三、 阅读与表达(共10分,每小题2分)
76. Yes, they do.
77. The most important thing a teacher should do is to show his students how to learn.
78. You need to use a formula in working out a math problem.
79. The reason for their success is that they knew how to study.
80. They knew how to use their brain.
四、阅读与表达 (共10分)
说明:先根据文章整体内容和语言表达确定档次,然后在该档次内评出分数。(这一部分可以复制)
第一档:(15-13分)
完全符合题目要求,表达思想清楚,内容丰富。使用多种语法结构和丰富的词汇,语言通顺,语意连贯,具有逻辑性。允许个别语言错误。
第二档:(12-9分)
符合题目要求,表达思想基本清楚,内容完整。语法结构和词汇基本满足文章需要。语言基本通顺,语意基本连贯。有少量语言错误,但不影响整体理解。
第三档:(8-5分)
部分内容符合题目要求,表达思想不清楚,内容不完整。语法结构和词汇错误较多,语言不通顺,影响整体理解。
第四档:(4-0分)
与题目有关的内容不多,不能表达出自己的思想。只是简单拼凑提示内容,所写内容难以理解。
参考例文:
Many people tend to feel uncomfortable when they are facing many listeners. So you have no need to worry. And here I have several pieces of advice for you to reduce your uneasy feeling when facing others. First of all, stay calm when you are with others. Don't think too many questions such as "do they like my dressing or hairstyle?" It's really unnecessary. Second, try your best to join in others' talking. Listen carefully first and try finding chances to speak out and express you idea. Last but not least, you'd batter smile naturally when you are speaking or talking. Look at others in the eyes and use body language when you need.
In a word, be yourself and stay calm when you stay or talk with others. I am sure you will be more and more outgoing!
Yours
Linda
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