初中语法精挑细讲之句子类型

　　句子类型

　　1．从结构上看，英语的句子可分为三种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。

　　2．简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫做简单句。简单句有六种句型：

　　型号 句型 例 子

　　1 主语＋不及物动词（＋状语） The Frenchman coughed badly at night. / The city lies in a valley .

　　2 主语＋连系动词＋表语 That is a map of China. / That piece of meat looks quite good. / It sounds like the singing of rails .

　　3 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 You're doing the right thing. / Jack likes to stay at home and play by himself .

　　4 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 Can you tell me the way to the Summer Palace ? / It took me a week to finish the work.

　　5 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 We call him Li Ming . / The rich man asked the singer to come up to the sitting room .

　　6 There +be+主语＋状语 There are some flowers on the teacher's desk . / There are 365 days in a year .

　　3．并列句：由并列连词把两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。常用的并列连词有and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet, neither…nor, either…or, still, however, not only…but also等。并列句的结构：简单句＋并列词＋简单。

　　Hurry up, or you'll miss the early bus . / We love peace but we are not afraid of war . / He must be ill, for he is absent today .

　　She has not only knowledge, but also experience . / He was ill, so he didn't go to school. / Work hard, and you will succeed .

　　4．复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句。主句是句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。从句可以担任复合句的主语（主语从句）、表语（表语从句）、宾语（宾语从句）、定语（定语从句）、状语（状语从句）。中学阶段主要学习含有状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句的复合句。

　　A．状语从句：在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据它表示的意思的不同可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、让步、比较（或方式）和条件等类。

　　○1 时间状语从句：由when, while, as, the moment, the minute, once, whenever, before, after, till(until), since, as soon as等连词引导。

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