初中语法精挑细讲之句子类型(4)

　　Ⅳ 主谓一致

　　1． 主谓一致是指谓语动词要与主语单、复数形式及人称变化相一致。主要包括三方面：形式一致、意义一致、就近原则。

　　2． 单数名词、不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；复数名词作主语，谓语用复数；若主语表示单数或整体概念时，谓语应用单数。

　　Time is money . / My book is new . / Our books are there . / His family isn't very large . / His family are all music lovers .

　　3． 有些名词以"s"结尾，但谓用单数。（news, physics, maths, politics等） Maths is very important to us .

　　4． People, police, youth, cattle等常作复数处理。 The youth are full of living .

　　5． 既作单数又是复数的名词，可作单、复数。（sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese…）

　　There is one deer / are some deer in the zoo. / I met a Japanese in the street . / The Japanese I met in the street were friendly .

　　6． 当主语是两个名词由and 连接时，若表示一种事物或一种概念时，谓语用单数。

　　The teacher and writer is coming（同一个人） . / The teacher and the writer are coming .(不同人)

　　7． 有every 或each 修饰的单数名词并列时，谓语动词用单数，第二个every或each 可省略。Every boy and (every)girl has a new book.

　　8． 表示时间、距离、金钱或数量的复数名词，一般视为一个整体，谓语用单数。A hundred miles is a long distance .

　　9． 有些形容词前加定冠词构成表示一类人的名词，常用复数处理。The rich are getting richer. / The blind are sitting on the road .

　　10． Number, population 等词可作单数或复数，主要从意思决定。A number of books are new. / The number of books is 3,000.

　　The population of China is very large . / One third of the population here are workers.

　　11． 当名词后有with, together, like, but, except等介词短语时，谓语随名词的数而变。 Tom with his parents has been to Beijing twice .

　　12． Each和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词，都作单数看待。Each of us has an apple. / Somebody is using the photo.

　　13． What, who, which, any, more, most, all等代词可以是单、复数，主要靠意思决定。Which is your room ? / Which are your rooms ?

　　14． "None 或none of+名词（代词）复数"可作单、复数，若名词为不可数，则谓语只用单数。

　　None of the books are easy enough for us . / None of us has got a camera. / None of milk is good.

　　15．"Either, neither (+of +名（代）词复数"作主语时，通常看作单数。Neither of us has been to HongKong . / Either answer is wrong .

　　16．"many a +单数名词"或"more than one +单数名词"作主语时，谓语多用单数形式。More than one person has that kind of experience.

　　17．All/most/half/part/some/the rest of +不可数名词，谓语用单数。 All of meat is bad .

　　18．All/most/half/part/some/the rest of +可数名词复数，谓语用复数。 Some of students are absent .

　　19．"one of +名（代）词复数"为主时，谓语通常用单数。One of the girls is from America .

　　20．"a pair of +名词复数"作主语时，谓语常用单数，若pair是pairs时谓语用复数。

　　21．"（a）part of +名词"作主语时，若名词是单数，谓语用单数；若名词是复数，谓语用复数。

　　22．"a group of +名词"作主语时，强调整体，谓语用单数；若强调group 中的各成员，谓语用复数。

　　23．"a lot of /lots of +名词复数"作主语时，谓语用复数；若名词为不可数名词，谓语用单数。

　　24．"most of +名词复数"作主语时，谓语用复数；若名词为不可数名词，谓语用单数。

　　25．"plenty of +名词复数"作主语时，谓语用复数；若名词为不可数名词，谓语用单数。

　　27．由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, or或there be + 名词＋and + 名词等连接的主语，通常根据就近原则，谓语的单、复数形式依最接近它的名词词组的单、复数形式决定。

　　My parents or I am going to visit my grandparents .

　　Either your father or your mother has been to the Great Wall .

　　Neither you nor Lao Yang is to do the work .

　　There is a man and three children over there .

　　Not only you but also he knows that thing .

　　28．动词不定式和动词－ing形式作主语时作单数处理。

　　To see you is very glad . = It is very glad to see you .

　　Taking means no holes .

　　Seeing is believing .

　　Finishing the work takes me a long time . = To finish the work takes me a long time . = It takes me a long time to finish the work .
 

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