初二英语上册知识点：语法结构

　　运用的基本结构可以分为五个类型。

　　1、 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）

　　列如：She is a student （身份）       He has become an engineer

　　It tastes sweet                  They are in the classroom

　　动词是系动词，其后的表语表示主语的身份，特征或者状态。英语中可用作系动词的数量很少，最常用的是be的各种变化形式，系动词，如become，turn，look，seem，appear，sound，taste，smell，remain，prove，keep，fall，等

　　2、 主语+动词（S+V）

　　列如：water flows                      He is reading

　　She has arrived       They will come               Mary cried

　　例如：They have reached NEW YORK        They have arrived at NEWYORK

　　3、主语+动词+宾语（S+V+O）

　　例如：Tom speaks English      He bought a jacket

　　They have finished the job      Rose is reading a book

　　及物动词，其后必须跟一个宾语

　　3、 主语+动词+宾语+宾语（S+V+O+O）

　　例如：Mr Brown teaches them English     Mother told me a story

　　Give us a ring when you arrive at the college

　　The students are giving the classroom a thorough clean up

　　直接宾语是动作承受者或结果，间接宾语则表示动作是为谁做的

　　4、 主语+动词+宾语+补语(S+V+O+C)

　　例如：We elected him chairman      We should keep the classroom clean

　　I want her to come      She had a new dress made、

　　She heared him singing  宾语和补语在逻辑上是主与表或者主与谓的关系。也就是说补语表示宾语的特征，身份，状态，或是宾语的行为动作。如果这一结构的句子变为被动句，那么原来的宾语变成了主语，后面的补语便是主语的补语

　　：We found him（reading in the library）（括号内表示宾语的补语）

　　所有者成分都是必不可少的，缺少任何一个成分都会破坏句子结构的完整性。句子结构中的基本成分包括主语、动词、表语、宾语、和补语、英语句子中还有起修饰作用的定语和状语，以及起解释说明作用的同位语。下面括号部分即为定语、状语和同位语。

　　例如：She is a good student

　　They will come soon

　　Mr Brown，Tom's father ，is an engineer

　　因此，英语的句子成分主语有主语，动词，表语，宾语，补语，定语，状语和同位语。问题：名词作表语和名词作单宾之间的区别？名词作宾语补足语和名词作直接宾语的差别？

　　分析下列各句属于哪种基本结构，并划出各个句子成分。

　　1、I saw Jane in the reading room

　　2、Production grows rapidly

　　3、They treated me as their own son

　　4、His classmates made him their monitor

　　5、Victor passed Robert the ball

　　6、You did not need to arrive so early

　　7、The children ran merrily after him

　　8、It is getting dark

　　9、Martin，my good friend，has given me a lot of help

　　10、Circumstances do not permit me to leave

　　11、The population of city rose by 20 percent

　　12、She had a new dress made

　　13、Her face turned red at his words

　　14、The old professor lectures twice a week

　　15、Tom become a good student at last

　　16、I want that blue skirt ,the one on the left

　　17、They will have a meeting in room 205

　　18、Her parents bought her a new radio

　　19、She told us a lot of interesting stories

　　20、The food smells nice

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