初中英语常见交际用语正误辨析(3)

　　14.［误］—Is anybody there?

　　— No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave.

　　［正］—Is everybody there?

　　—No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave.

　　［析］ 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词。Is anybody here? 在英语中意为：这里有人吗?而Is everybody here?为：全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave.

　　15.［误］—Your handwriting is very good!

　　—No， my handwriting is very poor.

　　［正］—Your handwriting is very good!

　　—Thank you.

　　［析］ 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you. 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样)! 等。而Good morning 和 How do you do则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。

　　16.［误］ When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave, you may say： "Excuse me. I'll go first."

　　［正］ When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave, you may say： "Excuse me. I have to go."

　　［析］ 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I'll go first. 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。

　　17.［误］—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

　　—I'd like to， and I'm too busy.

　　［正］—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

　　—I'd like to， but I'm too busy.

　　［析］ I'm too busy与 I'd like to在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。

　　18.［误］—Where's Deter?

　　—Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet.

　　［正］—Where's Deter?

　　—Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet.

　　［析］ 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。

　　19.［误］—Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!

　　—Great. You look well too.

　　［正］—Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!

　　—Thanks. You look well too.

　　［析］ 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。

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