专题四 代词
一、 代词概述
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
二、代词分类
英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用主要分为：人称代词、物主
代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。
1、 人称代词及其用法
1)人称代词主格和宾格
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人称
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单、复数
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主格
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宾格
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第一人称
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单数
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I
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me
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复数
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we
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us
|
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第二人称
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单数
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you
|
you
|
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复数
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you
|
you
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第三人称
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单数
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he
|
him
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she
|
her
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it
|
it
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复数
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they
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them
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2) 人称代词的用法
① 人称代词主格在句子中担任主语。
例如：She likes watching movies.她喜欢看电影。
They have been to America twice..他们到过美国两次。
② 人称代词宾格在句子中担任动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
例如： We listen to them and they help us.我们听他们，他们帮我们。
---Who is knocking at the door? --It’s me.—谁在敲门?—是我。
2、 物主代词及其用法
1)形容词性和名词性物主代词
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人称
|
单、复数
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形容词性
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名词性
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词义
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第一人称
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单数
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my
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mine
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我的
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复数
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our
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ours
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我们的
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第二人称
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单数
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your
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yours
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你的
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复数
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your
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yours
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你们的
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第三人称
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单数
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his
|
his
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他的
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her
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hers
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她的
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its
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its
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它的
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复数
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their
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theirs
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他们的
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2)物主代词的用法
① 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句子中担任定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。
例如：This is my book. Your book is over there.这是我的书。你的书在那里。
They are our new friends.他们是我们的新朋友。
②名词性物主代词语法上相当于名词，意义上相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，经常用其来避免和前面提到的名词重复。
例如：This is my dictionary. Where is yours (=your dictionary)?这是我的词典。你的(词典)在哪里?
My idea is just the same as his(=his idea).我的想法正如他的(想法)。
3、反身代词及其用法
1)反身代词的构成
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人称
|
单、复数
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词形
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词义
|
|
第一人称
|
单数
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myself
|
我自己
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|
复数
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ourselves
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我们自己
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|
第二人称
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单数
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yourself
|
你自己
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|
复数
|
yourselves
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你们自己
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|
第三人称
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单数
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himself
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他自己
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|
herself
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她自己
|
|
itself
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它自己
|
|
复数
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themselves
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他们自己
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2)反身代词的用法
① 反身代词在句子中担任动词宾语或介词宾语。
例如：The boy is too young to look after himself.这男孩太小了无法照顾自己。
They did the job all by themselves.这件工作他们完全是自己做的。
② 反身代词常用词组
例如：teach oneself自学 learn by oneself自学 enjoy oneself玩得愉快
hurt oneself伤了自己 help oneself to自便 come to oneself苏醒
by oneself单独;亲自
4、 指示代词及其用法
1) 指示代词：单数this(这)、 that(那);复数these(这些), those(那些)
2) 指示代词的用法
① this/these用于指代近距离的人或事物。
例如：This is my friend and these are his new books.这是我的朋友。这些是
他的新书。
② that/those用于指代远距离的人或事物。
例如：Look!That girl in red is Kate.瞧!那个穿红衣服的女孩是凯特。
③ 打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。
例如：This is Mar speaking. Is that Mrs Jones?我是玛丽，您是琼斯夫人吗?
5、 不定代词及其用法
不定代词是比较复杂的一类代词，在词形上有简单的不定代词和复合不定代词两种形式，分别列表如下。
1) 表一：初中阶段常见的简单的不定代词
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不定代词
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常用词义
|
|
some，any
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一些（人或物）；任何（人或物）
|
|
many，much
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许多（人或物）
|
|
few，little
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几乎没有（人或物）
|
|
a few，a little
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有少数或少量（人或物）
|
|
both
|
两者都
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|
all
|
三者及以上都
|
|
either
|
两者之一；或者……或者
|
|
neither
|
两者都不
|
|
none
|
三者及以上都不
|
|
another
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三者以上中的任意一个
|
|
one
|
一个
|
|
other，others
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其他的（泛指）
|
|
the other，the others
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其他的（特指）
|
表二：复合不定代词
2) 不定代词的用法
在实际使用中，普通不定代词多数时候用作形容词修饰名词。
① some和any。两者均可修饰可数和不可数名词。一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。但在说话人想要得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议的疑问句中用some。
例如：There are some students in the classroom, but there aren’t any teachers.
教室里有一些学生，但没有老师。
---Would you like to have some tea or coffee? ---Neither, thanks.
--想要喝茶还是咖啡?--谢谢，两个都不要。
② many 和much。many修饰可数名词的复数形式，much修饰不可数名词。
两者均可以和表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用构成too many/much, so many/much, as many/much as, how many/much.
例如：I have too much work to do.我有太多的工作要做。
How did you make so many mistakes?你怎么会犯这么多错误?
Please speak English as much as possible.请尽量说英语。
③ few, a few 和little, a little. few和a few修饰可数名词，little和a little修饰不可数名词。few，little表示否定，a few，a little表示肯定。
例如：He is a new student in the school, so he has few friends.他是本校的新生，所以几乎没有朋友(表示否定)。
I have so little money that I can’t afford the new magazine. Can you lend me some?我几乎没钱了，买不起这本杂志(表示否定)。你能借我一些吗?
---Can I have a few words with you, Mrs Brown? –Sure, I have a little time. –布朗夫人，我可以和你说几句话吗(表示肯定)?--当然可以，我有一点点时间(表示肯定)。
④ both和all。both只能用于指代两者，all指代三者或以上的人或物。
例如：My parents are both teachers. Both my brother and I are students. We all live in Changsha.我父母亲都是老师。我哥和我是学生。我们都生活在长沙。
⑤ either， neither和none。either只能是“两者中取其一”，neither是“两者都不”，是both的反义词，none“都不”是all的反义词。
例如：Either you or your sister has to help your dad in the garden.你或者你姐姐得帮助你爸爸在花园里干活。(只要一个人帮助爸爸干活即可)
---Would you like some milk or coffee? –Neither. Just water, please.—你想要牛奶还是咖啡?--都不要，水就可以。
They are all teenagers. None of them should be allowed to smoke.他们都是青少年，谁都不应该获许抽烟。
⑥ other, others, the other, the others.概括地说，不带the的为泛指，带the的为特指，带s的指代复数的人或物，不带s的指代单数的人或物。
例如：Beijing is larger than the other cities in China.北京比中国其他城市大。
Lei Feng was always ready to help others(=other people)。雷锋乐于助人。
I have only two good friends. One is Jack, the other is David.我只有两个好朋友，一个是杰克，另一个是大卫。
I bought six new books yesterday. One is English, the others(=the other books) are Chinese.我昨天买了六本书。一本是英语，其余的(书)都是中文。
⑦ one, another, one指代上文提到过的单数可数名词，避免重复。another指的是三者以
上中的任意一者，还可以表达“额外添加”的意思。
例如：This building is taller than that one.这个建筑比那栋高。
I have already spent half an hour on the job, but I need another ten minutes to finish it.
我已经花了半个小时做这件工作，但是我还要十分钟才能够完成。
⑧ 复合不定代词的句法功能可以参考some、any、no、every的用法。但下列几点必须
注意：
a)复合不定代词在句子中担任主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：Is there anything wrong with the computer?电脑出问题了吗?
Everybody is here. Let’s begin the meeting.大家到齐了，我们开会吧。
b)修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在他们的后面，做后置定语。
例如：Be quiet, please. I have something important to tell you.请安静，我有重要
的事情要告诉你们。
6、 疑问代词及其用法
|
疑问代词
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主要用法
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例句
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|
who
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“谁”，主格形式作主语
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Who can answer the question?
Who is the man over there?
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|
whom
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“谁”，宾格形式，口语中往往
被who代替
|
Whom/whom are you talking to?
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whose
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“谁的”所有格形式
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Whose exercise book is this?
Whose is this exercise book?
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what
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询问不定书目中的“哪个”、
“哪些”，没有范围的限定；也
可用于询问某人的职业
|
What are you going to do?
What class are you in?
What is your mother?
|
|
which
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“哪个”、“哪些”，询问一定
范围内特指的人或物
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Which class are you in, Class 1 or
Class 2?
|
疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。
实战演练(2×50) 计分:
1 ---Is that man in blue your father? ---No, _______ is my headmaster.
A. he B. him C. she
2. ---Laura, this is my backpack. Where is _______? ---Mine is over there.
A. your B. yours C. his
3. ---Is the woman who walked past just now your teacher? ---Yes, she teaches _____ Chinese.
A. us B. our C. ours
4. ---Is David _________ cousin or theirs? ---He is my cousin.
A. your B. yours C. you
5. Excuse me, _____pen is broken. May I use ________?
A. my, your B. I, yours C. my, yours
6. ---Is this your MP4, Mike? ---No, it’s ______.
A. his B. her C. my
7. We must learn English by __________.
A. us B. our C. ourselves
8. Could you lend me ______ bike? I lost ______ last Saturday.
A. your, my B. your, mine C. yours, mine
9. ---Who taught _____ German? ---Nobody. She learned all by _______.
A. she, her B. her, herself C. hers, herself
10. --- Which would you like, bread or rice? --- ______ of them. I’m full now.
A. Either B. Neither C. All
11. ---_______does your cousin look like? ---He’s tall and thin.
A. What B. Who C. Which
12. Believe yourself. You’re better than ________. You’re the best. Wish you success.
A. anyone else B. some else C. else anyone
13. Most young people find _______ exciting to watch a football match.
A. it B. this C. that
14. ---_______ are you talking about? ----The Olympic Games in Beijing.
A. What B. How C. Whom
15. ---What about this T—shirt? ---I don’t like the color. Please show me _____one.
A. other B. the other C. another
16. ---Did you enjoy ____ at the party, Jimmy? –Yes, Mum. I enjoyed ___very much.
A. yours, ourselves B. yourselves, myself C. yourself, myself
17. They three were all very tired, but ______ of them would stop to have a rest.
A. some B. none C. all
18. There is ______ knocking at the door. Go and see who it is.
A. someone B. anybody C. nobody
19. Do you know the girl between Lucy and ______?
A. she B. his C. me
20. ---Could you tell me ______ to do next? ---Nothing more. Let’s have a rest.
A. what B. how C. when
21. ---Can we put our sports shoes here? ---Oh, yes. Put ______ here, please.
A. them B. their C. they
22. ---______did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?
A. Where B. For what C. With whom
23. _____ isn’t easy to learn a foreign language well. But don’t give it up.
A. That B. It C. This
24. ---Hello! ---_______is Mary speaking. Is ______ Lily? --- Yes, speaking.
A. This, this B. This, that C. That, this
25. ---Who told you Sam and Kitty got married? --- A friend of _______.
A. you B. her C. mine
26.There are many tall buildings on _______ sides of the street.
A. either B. all C. both
27 I asked both Mary and Lucy to my birthday party, but ________ of them can come.
A. both B. neither C. all
28.---Mum, Li Ming bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy ____ for me?
---Sure. But you must take good care of it.
A. one B. it C. that
29.The weather in Hengyang is different from ______ in Beijing.
A. one B. it C. that
30.As we all have grown up, we should learn to look after ________.
A. ourselves B. us C. myself
31.Never say you’re a fool. Everyone is good at ________.
A. something B. anything C. everything
32 I like pop music, but _______ my father _______ my mother likes it.
A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor
33.---When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free these days.
A. Both B. All C. Either
34 There are only _________ new words in the passage, but I know _____ of them.
A. some; all B. a few; none C. lots of; a few
35 ---Who is singing in the next room? --- _______ must be Marie.
A. It B. She C. This
36.The machines made in China are cheaper than ________ made in Japan.
A. ones B. that C. those
37 ---Two Evening Papers, please! ---Only one copy left. Would you like to have ___, sir?
A. one B. it C. this
38 ---Do you like talking with your friends on the phone or on mobile phone?
---_________. I enjoy using QQ.
A. Either B. Neither C. None
39 The pears in my basket are smaller than _______ in Jim’s.
A. those B. that C. ones
40.We can’t leave our grandparents by _________.
A. they B. them C. themselves
41.---Can I talk to you for a minute, Brian? ---Sure. I have ______ time.
A. a few B. little C. a little
42.---Is _______ here today? ---No. Han Mei isn’t here. Maybe she’s ill.
A. someone B. anyone C. everyone
43.---Have you finished your task? ---No, I’ll finish it in _______ ten minutes.
A. less B. other C. another
44.Mrs White has two children. _______ is a driver, and ______ is a nurse.
A. One; another B. One; the other C. One; other
45.The old woman asked _______, “What should I do?”
A. herself B. her C. hers
46.Either you or I _______ right.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
47 We found _______ necessary to protect the environment.
A. it B. this C. that
48.It was ________ fine day that they went to the park.
A. so a B. a so C. such a
49._________went surfing at the beach because of the terrible weather.
A. Someone B. No one C. Nothing
50.---______ did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?
A. How B. Where C. For what
1-5 ABAAC 6-10 ACBBB 11-15 AAAAC 16-20 CBACB 21-25 ABBBC
26-30 CBACA 31-35 ACCBA 36-40 CBBAC 41-45 CCCBA 46-50 BACBC
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one
|
body
|
thing
|
|
some
|
someone某人
|
somebody某人
|
something某事
|
|
any
|
anyone任何人
|
anybody任何人
|
anything任何事
|
|
no
|
no one没有人
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nobody没有人
|
no thing没有东西
|
|
every
|
everyone每人
|
everybody每人
|
everything每一件事
|
|
one
|
body
|
thing
|
|
some
|
someone某人
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somebody某人
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something某事
|
|
any
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anyone任何人
|
anybody任何人
|
anything任何事
|
|
no
|
no one没有人
|
nobody没有人
|
no thing没有东西
|
|
every
|
everyone每人
|
everybody每人
|
everything每一件事
|
|
one
|
body
|
thing
|
|
some
|
someone某人
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somebody某人
|
something某事
|
|
any
|
anyone任何人
|
anybody任何人
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anything任何事
|
|
no
|
no one没有人
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nobody没有人
|
no thing没有东西
|
|
every
|
everyone每人
|
everybody每人
|
everything每一件事
|
|
one
|
body
|
thing
|
|
some
|
someone某人
|
somebody某人
|
something某事
|
|
any
|
anyone任何人
|
anybody任何人
|
anything任何事
|
|
no
|
no one没有人
|
nobody没有人
|
no thing没有东西
|
|
every
|
everyone每人
|
everybody每人
|
everything每一件事
|
|
one
|
body
|
thing
|
|
some
|
someone某人
|
somebody某人
|
something某事
|
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any
|
anyone任何人
|
anybody任何人
|
anything任何事
|
|
no
|
no one没有人
|
nobody没有人
|
no thing没有东西
|
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every
|
everyone每人
|
everybody每人
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everything每一件事
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