专题十一 简单句、并列句
简单句
(一)基本概念
只包含一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子，称作简单句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。除了主语和谓语外，简单句中还可以有宾语、表语、补语、状语、定语等。
(二)句型结构 简单句可归纳为五个基本句型。
1.主语+谓语 这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，后面可以有其他成分修饰。
如：Things change. He smiles happily.
2.主语+连系动词+表语 这种句型称为主系表结构。
如：Mr. Smith is an artist. The hamburger tastes good.
注：表语位于系动词之后。常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当。
常见系动词有：
(1)表状态系动词---be 如：
He is a teacher. He is ill.
(2)持续系动词--用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，常见有keep, remain, stay,如：
He always kept silent。
(3)表像系动词--用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look,如：
He looks tired.
He seems (to be) very sad.
(4)感官系动词---感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste,如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft. That sounds interesting.
This flower smells very sweet. It tastes delicious.
(5)变化系动词--这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,等.。如：
He became mad after that. I get tired. She grew tall。
3. 主语+谓语+宾语 谓语一般多是及物动词。宾语有两种 ：间接宾语和直接宾语
如：We like music.
I had eggs for breakfast.
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，有时它们也可交换位置，这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to 或for 。
如：He gave his sister the book.=He gave the book to his sister.
常见双宾结构：
可转换成带to结构的有：
bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.) lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb) return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb)
show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb ) write sb sth (write sth to sb )
可转换成带for结构的有：
buy sb sth (buy sth for sb ) do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb )
make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb )
5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾补
宾语补足语常由形容词、名词、数词、介词短语、不带to的不定式或v+ing、V+ed等充当。
如：I found the book easy.(形容词easy作补语)
I'll let him go.(不定式go用作补语)
(三) There be句型
1、结构：There be句型是一种主语后置的倒装句，常表示某处有某人或某物。
具体结构为：There be+人/物+其他+(地点)。
2、用法：
(1)、There be句型中动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的主语保持一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be 的单复数形式。
如:There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
(2)、There be句型中的be 有各种时态，有时还会在be前插入情态动词。
如： There is going to be a meeting tonight.
There must be some flowers in the box.
(3)、There be句型可换成There come / go,以引起注意,加强语气。
如:There comes the bus.
(4)、 There be句型的否定句和疑问句变化主要是be之后加not和be提到there之前。
如：There isn’t any rain these days.
Are there any people in the room?
并列句
(一) 基本概念及构成
两个或两个以上的简单句用and, but, or, so等并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
如: I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.
Hurry up，or you'll be late.
(二)连词用法
1、表并列关系的连词有and，both...and…两者都, as well as还有, not only...but (also)不但…而且…, neither...nor既不…也不…等。
如：Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam.
She not only sings but also dances.
2、表转折关系的有but, however然而，while然而，still, yet然而等。
如：The film is not perfect, however, it's good.
I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.
I like tea while she likes coffee.(表对比)
3、表选择关系的有or, either...or...或者…或者…, not...but...不是…而是…等。
如：Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
Either Tom or his sisters are coming.
4、表因果关系的有for因为, so所以, because等。
如：I'd better take an umbrella, for it is going to rain.
The manager was ill so she didn’t go to work.
(三)特殊的并列句
1. 祈使句 + and +一般将来时的句子
如：Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam.
2. 祈使句 + or + 一般将来时的句子
如：Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
实战演练(2×50) 计分:
1.---____ is her daughter? ---The girl on the right wearing blue jeans.
A. Who B. What C. Which
2. ______ does your mother do? She is a worker.
A. Who B. how C. What
3. ---Excuse me. _____do you say “autumn” in American English?
---It’s “fall”.
A. How B. When C. Why
4. --___ do I take the medicine, Mr. Wang?--Twice a day after meals.
A. How long B. How many C. How often
5. Eric’s never seen a three-D movie at the cinema, _____?
A. hasn’t he B. has he C. is he
6. --I’m sorry I can’t lend you the e-dictionary.
--_____? Didn’t you promise me?
A. What B. How C. When
7. We bought her a birthday present, _____ she liked it very much.
A. or B. and C. but
8. — Didn’t you give gifts to your father on Father’s Day?
— Oh, not only my father, _____ my grandpa got red gifts.
A. or B. and C. but
9. — Would you like to go to the concert with me?
— I’d love to, _____ I can’t. I have a lot of homework to do.
A. or B. but C. and
10. _____ Lily _____ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.
A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Either; or
11. None of the shoes in the shops are the right size. They are _____ too big _____ too small.
A. both; and B. neither; nor C. either; or
12. “Are you going to eat here ____ take it away?” asked the waiter.
A. and B. so C. or
13. Tom is cleaning the house _____ some of his friends are coming for dinner.
A. because B. but C. so
14. There is a lot of traffic in this city, _____ look both ways before crossing the street.
A. so B. and C. for
15. Study hard, _____ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.
A. or B. and C. for
16. Be quick, _____ we’ll be late for class.
A. or B. and C. but
17. Come a little earlier next time, _____ you’ll miss the best part of the TV play.
A. and B. but C. or
18. There ______ ice on the road last week.
A. was B. were C. are
19. There ______ a football match on the playground this afternoon.
A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be
20. He ________say _________.
A. didn’t; anything B. don’t; something C. doesn’t; something
21. --- Would you like to come to the party tonight?
---Yes, _________.
A. I would be B. I do C. I’d like to
22. ---The Changjiang River isn’t the longest river in China, is it?
---___________.
A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t. C. No, it is.
23. ---________ is a kilo of oranges?
---10 yuan a kilo.
A. How many B. How much C. How heavy
24. ---Does he like music?
---__________.
A. Yes, he likes. B. Yes, he do. C. Yes, he does.
25. ___________ is the population of China?
A. How much B. What C. How many
26. ---_________ do you think of the movie?
---Great!
A. How B. What C. Why
27. ---_______ you _______ TV now?
---No, you can turn it off.
A. Did; watch B. Do; watch C. Are; watching
28. --_______ are you going this summer vacation?
--To Beijing!
A. Where B. How C. Why
29. ---_______________?
---He is tall.
A. How is he B. What does he like C. What does he look like
30. ---_______ do you study for a test?
---By working with a group.
A. What B. How C. Where
31. ---Must I come to the office at three o’clock this afternoon?
---No, you ________.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t
32. They are _______ young ______ carry the box onto the table.
A. enough; to B. so; that C. too; to
33. They ______lunch at home every day.
A. have not B. didn’t have C. don’t have
34. We always keep our classroom clean, so we _______ clean it every day.
A. don’t have B. don’t need C. don’t have to
35. Yesterday he ________ some reading at home.
A. does B. didn’t C. didn’t do
36. ---Have you seen the film?
---No, __________.
A. I don’t B. I haven’t C. I didn’t
37.--- Can you speak English?
---Yes, _________.
A. we can’t B. we can C. we don’t
38. ---Are there any trees in the park?
---Yes, __________.
A. they are B. there is C. there are
39. __________ I come in?
A. May B. Will C. Would
40. _______the old man get up early every morning?
A. Is B. Has C. Does
41.--- _______ do you like the new play?
--- It’s good and interesting.
A. How B. What C. Which
42. ---________ is your telephone number?
---865 2738.
A. How much B. How many C. What
43. Mrs Black doesn’t like these people,__________?
A. does she B. do she C. is she
44.There is little milk in the fridge,_________?
A. isn’t there B. are they C. is there
45. Open the window,________?
A. will you B. shall we C. don’t you
46. ---Does your brother like the red tie or the black tie?
---____________.
A. Yes, he does B. No, he doesn’t C. The red tie
47. ---It’s a secret between us. Don’t tell anybody else.
---_________.
A. I do B. I don’t C. I won’t
48. _______ good idea it is!
A. What an B. How C. What a
49. ________ quickly he rides his bicycle!
A. What B. How C. What a
50. ---The skirt looks _______.
---Thank you!
A.nice B. well C. old
参考答案：
1—5 A C A C B 6---10 A B C B C 11—15 C C A A B 16—20 A C A C A
21—25 C A B C B 26—30 B C A C B 31—35 C C C C C 36—40 B B C A C
41—45 A C A C A 46—50 C C C B A
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