专题十三 宾语从句
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一、什么是宾语从句
在句中充当宾语的从句叫作宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。
二、宾语从句的引导词
1、 that 无实意，用来引导陈述句的宾语从句，口语中常省略。例如：
She told me that she had been to Hong Kong twice.
她告诉我她去过香港两次。
I know(that)the visitors are from Australia.我知道这些游客来自澳大利亚。
2、if或whether这两个词是“是否”的意思，主要用来引导一般疑问句或选择问句的宾语从句，口语中多用if，不能省略。例如：
He asked me if / whether I had been to Beijing twice.
他问我是否去过北京两次。
She wanted to know whether I would go there or not.
她想知道我是否想去那里。
3、疑问词when ，where，who，how等，这类词通常引导特殊疑问句的宾语从句。例如：
Can you tell me how I can find Mr Wang?
你能告诉我怎样才能找到王先生吗?
Please find out who broke the window.请查一下是谁打烂窗户的。
三、宾语从句的语序
凡是从句都必须使用“主语在前，谓语在后”的陈述语序，宾语从句也不例外，也就是说宾语从句的语序必须是“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”。例如：
误：Could you tell me where is the bus station?
正：Could you tell me where the bus station is?
四、宾语从句的时态一致
1、 当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可以根据需要选择相应的时态，不受主句的影响;主句为一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。例如：
I want to know what time he ate his breakfast.
我想知道他今天早晨几点钟吃早饭的。
They will tell us that they have been able to look after themselves.
他们将会告诉我们他们已经能照顾自己了。
I asked what my father was doing then.
我问那时我爸爸在干什么?
2、 当宾语从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象是，宾语从句的时态不受主句的时态的影响，仍然用一般现在时。如：
He said the moon moves round the earth.
他说月亮围着地球转。
She asked whether light travels faster than sound.
她问光速是否比声速快。
五、宾语从句的简化
由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中的主语与主句的主语或宾语相同时常常可以将宾语从句简化成“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构。有时候由that引导的宾语从句也可以用动词不定式或者动词的ing形式来简化。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?
= Can you tell me how to get to the post office?
She don’t know whether she should go there with them or not.
= She don’t know whether to go there with them or not.
He can remember that he has climbed the tall tree.
= He can remember climbing the tall tree.
六、宾语从句的否定转移及其它
1、当I think/believe/guess等一些看法的词后面所接的宾语从句是否定句时，习惯上否定主句，采用“I don’t think/believe/guess+肯定形式的宾语从句”这种结构来表达。如：
我认为明天她不会来。
误：I think that she won’t come tomorrow.
正：I don’t think that she will come tomorrow.
2、 对I think/believe/guess等动词后面所接的宾语从句进行划线部分提问时，要用“疑问词+do you think /believe/guess+宾语从句的剩余成分?”这种结构来表达。如：
你认为谁将在会上发言?
误：Do you think who will speak at the meeting?
正：Who do you think will speak at the meeting?
实战演练(2×50) 计分:
1—Could you tell me ______?
—It’s near the post office.
A. where is the bookstore
B. the bookstore is where
C. where the bookstore is
2.Many people are talking about this disease these days.
Could you tell me______?
A. how can I keep healthy B. how I can keep healthy
C. I can keep healthy
3. —Excuse me .Could you tell me____ I can get to the Space Museum?
—Of course. You can take bus No.1.
A.where B. how C .if
4—Do you know ______the girl in red is ?
—I’m not sure .Maybe a teacher.
A. when B. where C. what
5—What did your parents think about your decision?
—They always let me do _____I think I should.
A. when B. that C. what
6.I hear Tom lives here ,but I’m not sure_____.
A. which room he lives in
B. which room does he live in
C. he live in which room
7.—We can use QQ to communicate with each other online.
—Good. Will you please show me_____.
A. which to use B. how to use it
C. where to use it
8.There are many people downstairs. What do you think____?
A. to happen B. happening
C. has happened
9.—Guess ______I did yesterday!
—I think you went to a party.
A. where B. when C. what
10—Do you think ____he should go to the music club or not?
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A. that B. what C. whether
11.They will be thankful for _____you have done.
A. what B. that C. which
12.—Where does Mr.Black live? Can you guess?
— Sorry, I can’t guess____.
A. where does he live B. where he live in
C. where he lives
13.Could you let me know _____ yesterday?
A. why did you come late B. why you came late
C. why do you come late
14.We are not sure if it ____ tomorrow. If it _____,our sports meeting will be put off.
A. will rain; rains B .rains; will rain
C. will rain; will rain
15.I want to know _____ the day after tomorrow.
A. what he will do B .what will he do
C .what he did
16. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. will take
17. Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone C. had never been
18. The students want to know whether they___ dictionary today.
A. had B. has C. will have
19. She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can
20 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels
21. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when
22, I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when
23. I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which
24. She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
25. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B. where C. what
26. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B. when C. why
27. He asked me _____told me the accident.
A. whom B. which C. who
28. They don't know ______their parents are.
A. that B. what C. why
29. Please tell me ______last year.
A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C .where your sister worked
30. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is
31. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what
32. Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for
33. Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing
34. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _he could buy the book on the table.
A. that B. how C. if
35. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us.
—He will help us with our English.
A. why B. when C. how
36. —We never know _____ the old man is.
—They say he is Liming’s father.
A. who B. what C. which
37. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.
A. that how B. how that C. that when
38. —Where do you think _____ he _____ the computer?
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy
39. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning.
A. what the matter is B. what is wrong
C. what the matter was
40. Could you tell me _______?
A. When will Mary come back
B. When Mary comes back
C. When Mary will come back
41. Lucy didn’t know________ .
A. if Joe will go to Beijing . B. why did Joe go to Beijing
C. if Joe would go to Beijing
42. --Oh, sorry, I'm a little late. I couldn't remember___________.
---That's all right.
A. when will the meeting begin B. when the meeting would begin
C. When would the meeting begin
43-----Could you tell me ?
-----Pardon? You mean the police station?
A. Where is the police station
B. Where the police are
C. How can I get to the police station
44.-----Excuse me, what does the teacher want to know?
------He wants to know ________________.
A. when will you finish your work
B. when you finish your work
C. when you will finish your work
45. The professor didn't know _____ the meeting.
A. when he will have B. when he would have C. when would he have
46. –Did Jenny call me just now?--Yes, she wondered _____ tonight.
A. when you will be free B. that you would be free C. if you would be free
47. Cooking dinner is difficult. Could you tell me _____?
A. what to do it B. how to do it C. where to go
48. He is not sure _____.
A. which coat he should buy B. which he should buy coat
C. what coat he buy
49. You can’t imagine _____ when she heard the good news.
A. how she was happy B. how happy she was C. she was how happy
50. Could you please tell me ____now?
A. where is Mary
B. where Mary is
C. where Mary was
参考答案
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