中考英语语法几大基本时态与练习(2)

　　He is buying a bike.

　　Is he buying a bike?

　　He isn’t buying abike.

　　一般由look,listen,now, at this moment等时间状语做标志。

　　常见的错误有如下几种：

　　(一)把动词变成现在分词形式易出错

　　例：

　　1、They areswiming.(swim)

　　2 、Jenny isplaiing(play)football.

　　答案：1.swimming      2 .playing

　　解析：动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”. “一添”指双写规则；“一去”指去掉不发音字母e规则；“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。

　　(二)丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词

　　例：

　　1、 Look,twochildren flying.(fly) a kite in the park.

　　2 、Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now.

　　答案：1 are flying  2 isn’t reading

　　解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。

　　(三)对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing

　　例：

　　1 、The studentsare singing in the room.(对划线部分提问)

　　What are the students in theroom?

　　答案：What are the students doing in theroom?

　　解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?”

　　或简写为“What......doing......”?句式。

　　(四)现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式

　　例：孩子们在跑还是在跳？

　　Are the children running orjump?

　　答案：Are the children running or jumping?

　　解析: or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。

　　自我检测

　　（一） 单选

　　1、 Look! He_____their mother do the housework.

　　A. is helping     B. are help     C. is help    D.is helpping

　　2 、_____are theboys doing ? They are singing in the room.

　　A .Who            B .How          C.What         D.Where

　　3、 Don’t talk here. My mother _____.

　　A. is sleeping    B .are sleeping  C. sleeping   D .sleep

　　4 、Danny______. Don’t call him.

　　A. is writeing    B .is writing    C.writing      D .writes

　　5 、–When_____he_____back?

　　– Sorry, I don’tknow.

　　A. does,come       B.are coming    C.is come   D.is coming

　　答案：A C  A  B  D

　　（二）、填空

　　1、 It’s ten o’clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.

　　2、 What____he_____(mend)?

　　3、 We_____(play)games now.

　　4、 What____you____(do) these days?

　　5、 ____he___(clean) the classroom?

　　6、Who____(sing)in the next room?

　　7 、Thegirl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.

　　答案：1 is lying   2 is mending  3  are playing  4 are doing

　　5 Is cleaning  6 is singing 7 likes ;  is wearing

　　三、一般过去时

　　（一）含义

　　表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：

　　1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday.He was a worker two years ago.

　　2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often playedwith fire.  Li Lei always walked toschool last term.

　　3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.

　　4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say?

　　另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen?

　　（二）结构与句型

　　其结构是"主语+动词的过去式"。be动词的过去式为was,were；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：

　　1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed.e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked;

　　2）以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-----arrived; like-----liked.

　　3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed.e.g. shop-----shopped;

　　4)以"辅音字母+y"结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry----carried; study------studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. 这些需要象生单词一样记住.

　　其句式变化分为两种情况

　　1)含有be动词的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980.  I was not born in 1980.  Were you born in 1980?

　　2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didn't.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday.  I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday.  Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?

　　3）其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning;

　　由"last+时间"构成的短语,e.g. last year;

　　由"时间段+ago"构成的短语, e.g. three days ago;

　　另外,还有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去.

　　自主检测:

　　（一 ）选择

　　1 She lived there beforehe____to China.

　　A. came  B. comes C. come  D. coming

　　2 I _____but_____nothing.

　　A . was listened;washearing   B. listened;heard

　　C . have listened; heard  D. listened; heard of

　　3 When did you ____here?

　　A. got to  B. reached C. arrive in  D. reach

　　4 I____my homework at 7:00yesterday evening.

　　A. finished  B. would finish  C. was finishing  D. finish

　　5 -He didn't go shopping withyou yesterday afternoon, did he?

　　- _______.

　　A. No, he doesn't  B. Yes, he didn't  C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.

　　6 -I have had supper.

　　- When ____you____it?

　　A. have; had  B. do, have C. did,have  D. will have

　　答案: 1 A 2 B  3 D  4 A  5D  6 C

　　（二） 填空

　　1． They____(be)on the farm a moment ago.

　　2．There____(be)a shop not long ago.

　　3．Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.

　　4． Danny_____(read )English five minutes ago.

　　5． I_____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.

　　6． He ____(do)hishomework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.

　　7． When I wasyoung, I _____(play)games with my friends.

　　8． When____you_____(write)this book?

　　I _____it last year.

　　9． Didhe____(have) lunch at home?

　　10． I_____(eat) the bread, I 'm full now.

　　答案:1 were  2 was 3 didn't go  4 read  5 saw go

　　6 does ; didn't do  7 played 8 did write ; wrote  9 have  10 have eaten

　　常见错误如下:

　　一、把动词变成过去式易出错

　　例:

　　1 They stoped (stop) talkingjust now.

　　2 They plaied (play) footballyesterday.

　　答案: 1 stopped   2 played

　　解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y前若是辅音字,y变i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed."

　　二、忘记把动词变成过去式

　　例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoonof Sunday.

　　答案: flew

　　解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记".

　　三、在句式变换时易出错

　　例:

　　1 We didn't went (not go) outlast Friday.

　　2 Did you had (have) a goodtime yesterday?

　　答案: 1 didn't go   2 Did have

　　解析:请记住口诀"见助动, 用原形."

　　四、易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混

　　例: He taughts (teach) me English lastyear.

　　答案: taught

　　解析:行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化.即使主语是单三人称,也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样.

　　五、易与现在完成时弄混

　　例: 我看过这部电影

　　I saw(see) the film.

　　答案: I have seen (see) the film.

　　解析:"我看过这部电影"说明我了解这部电影的内容,强调现在的情况,应用现在完成时;

　　一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影,与现在无关..

　　六、易与过去进行时弄混,这里不在重复。

　　四、一般将来时

　　（一）含义

　　表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。E.g. They will have a footballmatch tomorrow.   He will be thirty nextweek.  She is going to buy a coat thisafternoon.

　　（二）结构与句型

　　1、结构有如下几种:

　　1)will + 动词原形(will可以用于任何人称) 需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall,特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中,一般用shall.  e.g. Shall we go to the zoo?

　　2)be going to +动词原形

　　3)现在进行时也可表示将来,前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.

　　2、句型

　　第一种结构的句式变化是: 变否定句在will后边加not. 变一般疑问句把will提前. e.g.  She will be back inthree days.  She will not be back inthree days.  Will She be back in threedays?

　　第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom.  They are not going to clean theirclassroom.  Are they going to clean theirclassroom?

　　3、其时间状语有如下几种1）this引导的短语 如 this year  2）tomorrow及其相关短语如tomorrow morning 3）next引导的短语 如 next month  4) from now on ;in the future ; in an hour 等。

　　学生常见错误如下：

　　1、易忽视动词用原形形式

　　例：

　　1) He will is (be) at schoolnext Monday.

　　2 )He is going to does (do)his homework after school.

　　答案：1 be   2 do

　　解析：第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了is，忽视了will后应加动词原形。我们在写句子时，很容易把动词丢掉，“英语句子里，动词不能少”的规律必须要牢记。第二题中to后加动词原形，而不是用单三人称.。

　　2、be going to+动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚

　　例：我正努力学习，准备参加英语考试。

　　I am studying hard and I willtry for my English exams.

　　答案：I am studying hard and I am going totry for my English exams.

　　解析：“be going to” 表示计划、打算要做某事。E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事.e.g. Look at the clouds. It’s going torain. 而“Will+动词原形 ”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在单纯预测未来时，二者可以互换，但在此题中只能用be going to，而不能用will。

　　自主检测：

　　（一）、 单选

　　1 _____you ____a doctor whenyou grow up?

　　A Will; going to be   B Are; going to be  C Are; /  D Will; be

　　2 I don’t know ifhis uncle _____.   I think he _____ if itdoesn’t rain.

　　A will come; comes    B will come; will come   C comes; comes   D comes; will come

　　3 He will be back _____a fewminutes.

　　A. with  B. for C. on  D. in

　　4 What time _____we meet atthe gate tomorrow?

　　A. will  B. shall C. do  D. are

　　5 He will have a holiday assoon as he _____the work next week.

　　A finishes  B doesn’t finish  C will finish D won’t finish

　　6 There _____some showers thisafternoon.

　　A will be   B will have  C is going to be   D are going tohave

　　7 It ____my brother’s birthday tomorrow.She _____a party.

　　A is going to be; willhave   B will be; is having   C will be; is going to have   D will have; is going to be

　　8 Li Ming is 10 years old now,next year he _____11.

　　A is  B is going to be   C will be  D will to be

　　答案：1 B 2B  3 D  4 B 5A  6A  7 C  8C

　　（二）、 填空

　　1. -“I need somepaper.”

　　- “I____(bring)some for you.”

　　2.____(be)you free tomorrow?

　　3. They _________(not leave)until you come back.

　　4 ._____we_____(go) to theparty together this afternoon?

　　5. They want to know when themeeting _____start.

　　6 .I _____(go) with you if Ihave time.

　　7. Hurry up! Or we ______(be)late.

　　8.What ____you _______(do)tomorrow afternoon?

　　9. Jenny ____ _____ (do) anexperiment the day after tomorrow.

　　10 If she isn’t freetomorrow, she _______(not take) part in the party.

　　答案：1. will bring  2. Are  3. won’t leave  4.Shall go 5. will   6. will go

　　7. will be   8. are going to do  9. will do  10. won’t take

　　三、 There be结构的一般将来时易出错

　　例：There_________ a basketball matchthis afternoon. (B)

　　A is going to be   B is going to have  C are going to be   D are going to have

　　答案：A

　　解析：There be结构的一般将来时既要符合There be结构，又要符合一般将来时。有的同学认为have当“有”讲，所以选了B，但There be结构就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后边的单数名词决定的.

　　四、 be going to结构中易丢掉to

　　例：I’m going_______(go) school by bike tomorrow.  (C)

　　A to will go  B to go to C go to  D to go

　　答案：B

　　解析：由tomorrow可知是一般将来时，be going to +动词原形，所以先确定用to go , 在B、 D当中选，而go toschool 是固定词组，不能因为前边有一个to而省略，这是一个易错点，需要注意。

　　另外，在时间状语或条件状语从句中，若主句用了将来时，从句则用一般现在时，前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.

　　五、一般将来时态

　　一般将来时态，表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrowmorning, next year, the day after tomorrow等表示将来的时间状语连用。

　　1. 助动词will+动词原形

　　在句法中，will在名词或代词的后面常缩写为’ll, will not 常缩写为won’t。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称I 或We时，常用助动词shall, shall not 缩写为shan’t。如：

　　She will be back here tomorrowafternoon.

　　她明天下午将要回到这儿来。

　　Shall we get to the zoo earlytomorrow morning?

　　我们得明天早上早点到达动物园吗？

　　2. be going to +动词原形

　　该句式往往表示计划、打算、决定要做的事或将要发生的事。其中be有人称和数的变化，即am, is , are。如：

　　I am going to watch a movie.

　　我打算今晚看电影。

　　She is going to see hergrandpa tomorrow.

　　她打算明天去看望她的爷爷。

　　We are not going to meetoutside the school gate.

　　我们不打算在校门口见面。

　　3. 其他

　　① 表示移动性的瞬间动词用于进行时，表将来。

　　在英语中，类似come等等动词被称为移动性动词，其进行时态可以表将来，类似的动词还有go, leave, start, begin等。如：

　　The train is coming. 火车就要来了。

　　The bus is arriving at 9:00. 公交车将于早上9点到达。

　　② 在时间或条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时或祈使句，或是含有情态动词，则从句用一般现在时来表示将来。如：

　　You can’t go home ifyou don’t finish your homework.

　　如果你完不成作业，你不能回家。

　　When I am older, I think Iwill be a scientist.

　　当我长大了，我认为我会成为一个科学家。

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