中考英语语法几大基本时态与练习(3)

　　练习检测

　　I 用所给词的适当形式填空。

　　1. She ________ flowers in mygarden tomorrow morning. （water）

　　2. I will stay at home if it_________ tomorrow. （rain）

　　3. What are you ________ to dotomorrow? （go）

　　4. The radio says it ________rainy tomorrow. （be）

　　5. She says she _________ me abeautiful dress tomorrow morning. （buy）

　　II 句型转换。

　　6. Li Ming will play with atoy car.     （转换为一般疑问句）

　　_____Li Ming _____ with a toy car？

　　7. They’ll go for awalk after supper.    （转换为否定句）

　　They _____ _____ for a walk after supper.

　　8. Will the flowers come outnext week?   （作否定回答）

　　_____, _____ _____.

　　9. I will have an English examtomorrow.  （转换为同义句）

　　I _____ _____ _____ have an English examtomorrow.

　　10. The boys have a basketballl match on Saturday.   （用nextSaturday y来改写）

　　The boys _____ _____ _____ _____ abasketball match next Saturday.

　　参考答案

　　1. will water / is going towater    2. rains   3. going    4. will be

　　5. will buy / is going tobuy   6. Will play   7. won’t go 8. No, they won’t

　　9. am going to   10. are going to have

　　六、过去进行时

　　表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可以从两个方面来理解：1 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。E.g. They were playing football at ten o’clockyesterday morning.   My mother wascooking when I got home.  I was washingmy clothes at this time yesterday.   2 过去某阶段持续进行的动作  What were you doing duringthe holiday?  另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时e.g. Jenny was reading while Danny was writing.

　　其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were +v-ing.

　　其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。例如

　　We were working inclass.

　　We weren’t working inclass.

　　Were you working inclass?

　　过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night, atthat time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。E.g. The students all worked hard. Everyone knew what he was workingfor.

　　做题时常见错误如下：

　　一、易把be+现在分词记成be+过去分词

　　例：He was talked (talk) to his mum atthat time.

　　答案：was talking

　　解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。

　　二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词

　　例：1 I watching (watch) TV when he camein.

　　2 They were play (play) gamesat 5:00 p.m. yesterday.

　　答案：1 was watching   2 were playing

　　解析：现在进行时中“be+现在分词,缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。

　　三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing

　　例：We were flying kites at 5:00 p.m.yesterday. (对划线部分提问)

　　What were you at 5:00 p.m.yesterday?

　　答案：What were you doing at 5:00 p.m.yesterday?

　　解析：现在进行时中“What……doing……”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。

　　四、易与现在进行时弄混

　　例：My mother is cooking (cook)when I gothome.

　　答案：was cooking

　　解析：这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在，而过去进行时前提是过去，由when I got home可看出前提是过去。

　　五、易与一般过去时弄混

　　例：昨晚我在读一本故事书。

　　I read (read) a story bookyesterday evening.

　　答案：was reading

　　解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在”说明正在进行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening.”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。

　　另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时。

　　e.g. He said that he wasdrawing a cat at noon yesterday.

　　自我检测：

　　（一）、单选

　　1 What ______ from three tofour yesterday afternoon?

　　A． have youdone

　　B. had you done

　　C. did you do

　　D. were you doing

　　2 – I call youyesterday evening, but there was no answer.

　　- Oh., I’m sorry I_____ dinner at my friend’s home.

　　A home  B had

　　C was having  D have had

　　3 My mother _____ while myfather _____TV.

　　A cooked; was watching

　　B was cooking; was watching

　　C was cooked; watched

　　D cooked; watched

　　4 When I got home, my son_____ the music.

　　A am listening to   B listened to

　　C was listening to  D was listening

　　5 We heard a cry when we______ TV last night.

　　A were watching  B would watch

　　C watch   D watched

　　6 She asked him whether he_____ back for lunch.

　　A come  B was coming

　　C came  D had come

　　7 Could you tell me when______?

　　A she is coming   B she was coming

　　C will be come   D is he coming

　　8 The teacher ______ when Icame into the classroom.

　　A is drawing   B draws

　　C has drawn   D was drawing

　　9 The pizza ______ by mymother. Would you like to have some?

　　A makes  B was making  C made   D was made

　　10 Nobody noticed what she______ at the moment.

　　A will do   B was doing

　　C has done   D had done

　　11 Was it raining hard whenyou _____ this morning?

　　A left  B leaves

　　C was leaving

　　D would leave

　　参考答案：1 D   2 C  3 B   4 C   5 A   6 B   7 A   8 D  9D   10 B  11 A

　　（二）、填空

　　1 ______ they______ (feed) theanimals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?

　　2 Mrs.Green _____  _____ (not wash) clothes at this timeyesterday.

　　3 Grandpa ______  ______ (mend) his clock when I reached home.

　　4 As I _____ (walk) in thepark, I saw some children playing games.

　　参考答案：1 were feeding   2 wasn’twashing    3 was mending   4 was walking

　　七、过去完成时

　　1. 基本形式：had + 过去分词。

　　2. 否定形式：had +not + 过去分词(had not照样可缩写hadn't)。

　　3.一般疑问形式：had提到句首，回答用Yes, 主语 + had. / No, 主语 + hadn't. 例如：

　　--- Had she told you to gothere earlier yesterday? 她昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗？

　　--- Yes, she had. / No, shehadn't. 是的，她告诉了。/ 不，她没有。

　　4. 被动语态形式：had +been + 过去分词。如：

　　When I got there, the windowshad been broken.

　　当我到那儿时，窗户已经被打破了。

　　过去完成时态是个相对的时态，不能离开过去某时 / 动作而独立存在，只能早于过去某时 / 动作，或频频“光顾”于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中，所以already / yet/ still / just / before / never / by（the end of）last year 等时间状语常来“配合作战”；也常活跃在after / before/ when + 过去时态从句或by the time + 过去时态从句等的主句中。如：

　　By the time we got there, shehad left. 当我们到达那里的时候，她已经离开了。

　　<与其他时态间的联系与区别>

　　1. 与一般过去时态“小同大异”：我和一般过去时都可指动作发生在过去，但我强调动作相对于过去某一时刻已经完成；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间或过去经常性、习惯性动作，需要特别注意的是：当动作附带yesterday、last year等过去时间状语时，应用一般过去时态。请区别：

　　By the end of last year, I hadvisited seven different cities.

　　截止到去年年底，我已经参观过七个不同的城市了。

　　We learned another Englishsong last month.

　　上个月我们学了另一首英文歌曲。

　　2.与现在完成时态“似是而非”：现在完成时表示动作相对于现在已经完成，其标准对照时间点为现在；而我表示动作相对于过去某一时刻前已完成，其标准对照时间点为过去。试比较：

　　I have been there twice. 我去过那儿两次。

　　I had been there twice beforeI went to school. 在我上学前，我去过那儿两次。

　　【完成时态专练】

　　1. He ___________（turn）off the light. We can leave now.

　　2. By the time we got to thecinema, the film ___________（begin）.

　　3. She ___________（finish）her homework before I left school.

　　4. My mother ___________（be）a teacher since 2003.

　　5. He told us that he___________（give）the book to his brother.

　　6. I ___________（wash）all the clothes. So I can have a rest.

　　7. They ___________（stay）in China for a long time.

　　8. My father ___________（arrive）home before nine o’clock last night.

　　【参考答案】

　　1. has turned  2. had began

　　3. had finished  4. has been

　　5. had given  6. have washed

　　7. have stayed  8. had arrived

　　七、一般过去时

　　1. 一般过去时常用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。在一般过去时态的句子中，要注意其谓语动词要用动词的过去式，尤其是不规则动词的过去式的构成，如see-saw，go-went等；此外，疑问句和否定句要使用助动词did。用在一般过去时态中的时间状语有yesterday，last Tuesday，three weeks ago等，当然，还有由when，before，after等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句。

　　例句：

　　Mary didn’t stay athome yesterday morning.

　　I often played games by theriver when I was young.

　　【中考链接】

　　We were in Qingdao last weekand _______ a great time.

　　A. will have    B. have had

　　C. had    D. have   （北京）

　　【解析】选C。根据句中的时间状语last week可知句子用的是一般过去时态，and连接的前后两个并列句，时态要保持一致。故and后也用一般过去时态。

　　2. 有时候，在一个句子中，并没有表明明确的时间状语，但根据句子的意思，可以判断出动作是发生在过去的，因此也用一般过去时态。

　　eg: I knew he liked collectingmatch boxes. （我当时知道他收集火柴盒）

　　--- Hi, Nancy. How was your trip to theGreat Wall?

　　--- Hi, Bill. Oh, we had a good time there.

　　（句子在说他们谈论的过去的事，应用一般过去时态。）

　　【中考链接】

　　① --- When _______ your mother ________you that blue dress, Mary?

　　--- Sorry, I really can’tremember.  （武汉）

　　A. does, buy    B. has, bought

　　C. had, bought    D. did, buy

　　② --- I called you just now, but nobodyanswered. Where _______?

　　--- I was out with mymother.   （安徽）

　　A. were you    B. are you

　　C. have you gone     D. have you gone

　　【解析】

　　① 选D。句子问的是“你妈妈合适为你买的那条蓝色的裙子”，可知买裙子的事情发生在过去，故应用一般过去时态。

　　② 选A。根据句意，说的是“我刚才给你打电话，但没人接”，紧接着问“你当时在哪儿”，因此用一般过去时态。

　　八、过去进行时

　　1. 过去进行时态用来表示过去某一具体时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，其基本构成为was / were +doing。常用在过去进行时态中的时间状语有at thistime yesterday，at ten o’clocklast night，at that time等以及由when或while引导的时间状语从句。

　　例句：

　　I was listening to the radiioat half past eight yesterday morning.

　　What were you doing when Iknocked at the door?

　　【中考链接】

　　--- Were you at home at nine o’clock lastnight?

　　--- Yes, I _________ a showerat that time.  （吉林）

　　A. took   B. was taking

　　C. was taken   D. am taking

　　【解析】选B。根据句中的时间状语at nine o’clock last night，可知是过去具体的某一时刻，因此答句应用过去进行时态。

　　2. 表示在过去的某一时间同事发生的两个动作，往往用过去进行时态来表示延续的动作，用一般过去时态来表示短暂的动作。此外，while用来引导时间状语从句时，也可用过去进行时态来表达主句和从句同事发生的动作（动词应为延续性动词）；此时，强调动作同时进行。

　　Mum was cooking dinner when Ireturned home.

　　Danny was writing a while wewrere watching TV.

　　【中考链接】

　　① The children ______ a P.E. class onthe playground when it suddenly began to rain. （河北）

　　A. have    B. am having    C. had   D. were having

　　② I ______my homework while my parents______ TV last night. (南京）

　　A. did, have watched

　　B. was doing, were watching

　　C. had done, werewatching

　　D. would do, were watching

　　【解析】

　　① 选D。When 引导的时间状语从句是过去时，所以主句的动作是发生在过去的时间点里孩子们正在上体育课，所以用过去进行时态。

　　② 选B。因为时间状语是在昨晚表示过去的时间，而while用来引导时间状语从句时，也可用过去进行时态来表达主句和从句同事发生的动作，所以选D。

　　3. 过去进行时态还可以用来表示在过去一段时间内持续进行的动作（有时也可以有间歇）。

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