来源:网络资源 作者:中考网编辑 2021-05-07 18:54:41
中考网整理了关于2021年中考英语复习之主动语态变被动语态常见错误(3),希望对同学们有所帮助,仅供参考。
主动语态变被动语态常见错误
(9)误用被动语态的构成形式。比如:
He hasemptied the drawers.
他把抽屉腾空了。
错误:The drawers have emptied by him.
正确:The drawers have been emptied by him.
解析:被动语态的构成是be+p.p.。其中be的时态是可变的,各种时态的被动语态形式只需要把be变为与主动语态中相应的各种时态就行了。最容易出错的是现在进行时(莫忘be后加being)和现在完成时(莫忘have或has后加been)的被动语态形式。
(10)漏加不定式符号to。比如:
I heard her sing a song.
我听了她唱歌。
错误:She was heard sing a song.
正确:She was heard to sing a song.
解析:在主动句中,感官动词(比如see, watch, hear等)和使役动词(比如make, let, have等)后面跟不定式作宾语补足语时不带to,但变成被动句时,原来作宾语补足语的不定式就变成了主语补足语,必须在不定式前加上to。
(11)错省介词by。比如:
Who wrote this novel?
谁写了这本小说?
错误:Who was this novel written?
正确:Who was this novel written by?
解析:主动句是以who, what, which等作主语开头的特殊疑问句,变为被动句时,介词by不能省略。它可以放在被动结构后面,也可以和疑问代词who, what或者which一起放在句首,但who须用宾格形式。比如:What made you so troubled? =By what were you made to troubled? (你被什么搞得这么心烦意乱的?)
(12)错用被动式。比如:
Great changes have taken place in our country since 1980.
自从1980年以来,我们国家发生了巨大的变化。
错误:Great changes have been taken place in our country since 1980.
解析:不及物动词不能用被动形式,take place(发生)在此相当于happen,是不及物动词。
(13)错用固定结构。比如:
We are going to set up a new university here.
我们将在这里建一所新的大学。
错误:A new university is going to set up here.
正确:A new university is going to be set up here.
解析:含有固定结构be going to, have to, had better等的主动句变为被动句时,可以把这些固定结构视为情态动词,按照含情态动词的被动形式变化,即“情态动词+be+p.p.”。
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