2022年初中英语被动语态的应用

①基本结构：

肯定句式：be +done (及物动词的过去分词)

如果是不及物动词 + 相应的介词或副词

否定句式：be +not +done

疑问句式：be动词(情态动词)放句首

被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。

注：☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。

Eg：

1.The song is liked by young people. (肯定句)

2.The song isn’t liked by young people.(否定句)

3. Is the song liked by young people ?(一般疑问句)

4.Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?(特殊疑问句)

②各种时态的构成(动词以do为例)：

→一般现在时

动词的被动形式：am/is /are done

例句：He is asked to do this.

→一般过去时

动词的被动形式：was/were done

例句：The story was told by her mother.

→一般将来时

动词的被动形式：will /shall be done

Is/are going to

例句：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

→过去将来时

动词的被动形式：should/would be done

Was/were are going to

例句：He said the trees would be planted soon.

→现在进行时

动词的被动形式：am/is/are being done

例句：The novel is being written.

→过去进行时

动词的被动形式：was/were being done

例句：At that time the desk was being made.

→现在完成时

动词的被动形式：has/have been done

例句：The house has been built.

→过去完成时

动词的被动形式：had been done

例句：They said that their work had been finished.

含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+ done Your homework must be handed in today.

其它几种特殊句型：

It is said that ……..

It is well known that …….

It is reported that……

例：

①History is made by the people. (一般现在时)

②The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般过去时)

③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时)

④The room must be kept clean.(含有情态动词的被动语态)

⑤The door is being opened.(现在进行时)

⑥The film has been seen by me.(现在完成时)

注：☆不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。

③应用情况

行为的执行者不明确或不必说出来。

Eg: A stranger was killed last night.

用于强调动作的承受者而不是执行者。

Eg: The story is told everywhere in the city.

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