2023年初中英语提分必备：名词详解+考点专练

考点一：可数名词 & 不可数名词

1. 单、复数形式的变化

★可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，可数名词复数形式分规则变化和不规则变化。不规则变化的名词复数形式需专门记忆，常见的有man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice, foot→feet等。还有一些单复数同形的名词，如fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。

温馨提示：

(1)由man构成的表示某国人复数的变化形式：Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen, German→Germans。

(2)名词修饰名词时，若前面的名词是man和woman，变复数时，两个名词同时变为复数形式(如a woman teacher→two women teachers);如果是其他名词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变为复数形式(如a girl student→two girl students)。

(3)由“数词+连字符+名词(+连字符+形容词)”构成的合成形容词作定语时，该名词用单数形式，如two-day holiday(=two days' holiday)，也可以表示为two day(s) holiday，但在中考选择题中优先选择前两种表达形式。

★不可数名词没有单、复数形式的变化。但若要表示不可数名词的量，通常可用相应的单位词，如piece, cup, bowl, bottle等，复数形式常体现在单位词上，如two bottles of yogurt。

2. 修饰词

3. 对数量提问使用的疑问词

★对可数名词的量提问时用how many。

★对不可数名词的量提问时用how much。

4. 兼作可数名词和不可数名词的名词

这类名词需在句中根据语法及句意判断是可数还是不可数，如glass(玻璃)→a glass(玻璃杯)，chicken(鸡肉) →a chicken(小鸡)，orange(橙汁) →an orange(橙子)。

【常考点示例】

Ⅰ. 单项选择

( )1. —Mom, please give me two ______. I want to make vegetable salad.

—OK. Here you are.

A. tomato B. tomatoes C. tomatos

( )2. There are a lot of ______ on the grassland. ______ sheep-dog is sitting next to them.

A. sheep; The B. sheep; A C. sheeps; The D. sheeps; A

( )3. Many ______ are playing an active part in making Kunming a civilized city (文明城市).

A. man B. woman C. volunteer D. volunteers

( )4. The broken ______ may cut into your hand if you touch it. You should be careful.

A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles

( )5. —Are you thirsty?

—Yes, please give us ______.

A. three bottle water B. three bottle of water C. three bottles of water D. three bottles of waters

( )6. I went to the hospital yesterday. I found a few ______ there.

A. man nurses B. men nurse C. men nurses

( )7. I can give you lots of ______ on how to improve your speaking skills.

A. advice B. way C. idea

( )8. We all expect the ______ summer holiday after the exam.

A. two month B. two-month C. two-months D. two months

( )9. —I went from a school desk to a ship in my teens.

—______ days would you be at sea? Homesick?

How long B. How many C. How much D. How soon

Ⅱ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空

1. Many _______(hero) have set good examples for us to follow.

2. My parents are _______(German), but they need to live and work in England.

3. Look! So many _______(girl) students are enjoying themselves on the playground.

4. Would you like to eat some _______(orange) or drink some _______(orange) juice?

5. How much _______(sugar) did you put in your coffee?

6. This supermarket has 700 free parking _______(space). But now there is no _______(space) for the car.

7. We have a 7-_______(day) holiday. We want to stay at home to relax.

考点二：名词词义辨析

解题关键：通过分析具体的语境来辨析名词的词义。

【常考点示例】

单项选择

( )1. —What's your ______ to English learning, Lin Tao?

—I think watching English movies is helpful.

A. Place B. age C. time D. secret

( )2. —The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive.

—Don't worry. You can enjoy yourself. It's my ______.

A. time B. treat C. task D. taste

( )3. We believe One Belt, One Road (一带一路) will help China improve the ______ with lots of countries.

A. relationship B. situation C. environment

( )4. —It's his new book, but I think it is more interesting than his other books.

—I agree with you. His latest book is up to his highest ______.

A. choice B. standard C. purpose D. wealth

考点三：名词所有格(’s所有格和of所有格)

1. 单数名词、人名和不以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格通常在词尾加's;以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格在词尾加'。

2. 用and连接两个并列名词，如果表示两者共同拥有，只在第二个名词后加's 即可;如果表示两者各自拥有，则每个名词后都加's。

3. 表示时间、距离、价格、国家、城市等无生命的事物的名词，可在词尾加's 或' 来构成所有格(如yesterday's newspaper, five kilometers' distance, America's flag)。其他表示无生命的事物的名词，一般用“of+名词”来表示，作后置定语(如the face of a clock)。

【常考点示例】

Ⅰ. 单项选择

( )1. “It depends on my ______ decision,” the mother said and looked at her two sons.

A. children B. children's C. child D. child's

( )2. —How far is your home from the train station?

—It's about 20 ______ walk.

A. minute B. minutes C. minute's D. minutes'

( )3. ______ mother works in St. Mary's Hospital.

A. Jim and Bob B. Jim's and Bob's C. Jim and Bob's

( )4. The online shop sells ______ shoes at a very low price.

A. child and men's B. children and men's C. children's and men D. children's and men's

Ⅱ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空

1. The _______ faces were a sight, covered with dust. (boy)

2. _____(teacher) Day is coming. I will get my Chinese, math, English _______(teacher) some flowers.

3. This is _______(Tom and Jack) bedroom. It's tidy and nice.

4. _______(Lucy and Lily) mothers didn't come to this meeting, because they had an more important meeting.

5. The station is about two _______(hour) walk from my home.

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