2023年初中英语最常考的英语句式4类

初中英语四大句式陈述句,疑问句,祈使句及感叹句

A. 陈述句

初中英语对陈述句的考察主要集中在肯定陈述句和否定陈述句两种。

a. 陈述句的肯定式。

I have already posted the pictures.

They are teachers.

I must go now .

He was reading a magazine at 10:00 yesterday.

b.陈述句的否定式。

(1)谓语动词是系动词be, 助动词have, will, shall, be或情态动词，只须在其后面加not构成否定句。

She isn’t a teacher .

He hasn’t been to the zoo .

I can not sing .

(2)若谓语动词是实义动词，在实义动词前加上do not，第三人称单数现在时用does not，过去时用did not。

He didn’t send me an message .

(3)由具有否定含义的词never, nobody, hardly, little, few, seldom, too…to等构成的否定句.

Not all the books in our school library can be borrowed .

B. 疑问句

英语中有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

a.一般疑问句：以一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have开始，语调为升调，通常要求以yes或no回答的疑问句。

(1)一般疑问句的基本结构：

is, am, are, was, were+主语+表语

have, has, had+主语+宾语

can, may, must等+主语+行为动词或be…

do, does, did+主语+行为动词

shall, will, have, has+主语+行为动词

(2)否定形式的疑问句，通常把助动词与not缩写，放在句首。构成回答：

Aren’t you a teacher?

Yes, I am .(不，我是)

No, I am not .(对，我不是)

b. 特殊疑问句：以疑问代词who, what, whom, whose, which或疑问副词when, where, why, how开头的疑问句。

(1) 如果疑问词在句中作主语或其修饰主语时，其语序如陈述句。

Who is on duty today ?

Which book is me ?

(2) 如果疑问词在句中不作主语或其不修饰主语，用“疑问词+一般疑问句”形式。

Where have you been ?

c. 选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上的情况，供回答者选择，并由or连用，但不能用Yes或no 来回答。

(1) 疑问句+选择成分1+or+选择成分2?

Do you want coffee or tea ?

Are you an Chinese or an American ?

(2) 特殊问句+选择答案1+or+选择答案2?

Who runs fast, Jerry , Tim or Lily ?

d. 反意疑问句：陈述部分+提问部分。

(1) 前肯后否，前否后肯

前后人称、数和时态要一致，疑问部分要用代词

如果前面陈述句中有否定词：hardly, little, few, never, nothing, none , nobody, not, no 等，后面疑问句应该用肯定式。

My grandma used to be a teacher, didn’t she ?

(2) 陈述句部分是复合句时，提问部分的主语和助动词要与主句一致。

He was reading when the teacher came in, wasn’t he ?

(3)在“I think(guess, suppose, believe)+宾语从句”中，当主语是第一人称时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语应与后面宾语从句相一致;但若主语不是第一人称时，则附加问句与前面主句一致。

I don’t think he can pass the exam, can he ?

He believed you had seen her before, didn’t he ?

(4)在含有情态动词must 的句子中，若must 表示推测，提问用must后面的动词。若must表示有必要时，用needn’t。若mustn’t表示禁止时，提问用must。

He must be surprised, isn’t he ?

You must go to Guangzhou, needn’t you?

You mustn’t parking here, must you ?

(5)陈述句部分为祈使句，疑问部分常用will you(表请求)。注：let’s 用shall we(包括说话人)，let us 用will you(不包括说话人)。

Have a cup of tea, will you ?

Let’s go now, shall we ?

Let us go now, will you ?

C. 祈使句

可表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等。(省主语，动词用原形)

(1) let + 第一人称，第三人称+(not)动词原形。

Let me try another time .

(2) 动词原形+其他成分

Listen to me carefully .

(3) Don’t (never)+动词原形+其他成分。

Don’t look out of the window .

(4) Do+动词原形+其他成分。

Do give him another chance .

D. 感叹句

表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾用“!”。What 修饰名词，how 修饰形容词、副词。

(1) How + 形容词 / 副词

How hot it is today !

How smart the girl is !

How slow she runs !

How hard the boys are working !

How smart a boy he is !

How funny an monkey it is !

(2)What + 名词

What a cold day it is today !

What an honest woman his mother is !

What small trees they are !

What good students the girls are !

What hot water it is !

What delicious dinner it is !

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