来源:网络资源 2022-12-07 17:35:21
状语从句的时态和语气
状语从句主句和从句的时态要保持一致。注意下列情况:
1、“主将从现”的原则
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句是一般将来时/祈使句/含 有情态动词原形,从句要使用一般现在时态。但will在表示意愿时,可用于上述状语从句。
I’ll tell him the good news as soon as he comes back tomorrow.
他明天一回来我就会告诉他这个好消息。
Go on until you reach the bridge.
继续前行,直至你走到桥边。
If you work hard, you can pass the examination.
如果你努力学习,你就能通过考试。
If you will wait, I’ll go and ask the manager.
如果你愿意等,我就去问问经理。
2、No sooner... than.../hardly(scarcely)... when... 句型的时态问题
No sooner... than.../hardly(scarcely)... when...表示“一……, 就……”,引导时间状语从句,主句须用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。No sooner/hardly(scarcely)位于句首时,主句需倒装。
He had no sooner been there than I told him about it.
他一来,我就告诉他了。
No sooner had he been here than I told him about it.
他一来,我就告诉他了。
3、as if(though)引导的方式状语从句的时态和语气问题
as if(though)引导方式状语从句,若所述情况可能性小,谓语动词用虚拟语气,时态在原基础上向过去退一步。若从句所述情况可能实现,则用陈述语气。
He speaks to me loudly as if I were deaf.
他大声冲我说话,好像我是个聋子。(实际不是)
It is blowing hard as if it is going to rain.
风很大,好像要下雨了。(真要下雨)
4、if引导的条件状语从句的时态和语气问题
if引导的条件状语从句,表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。if还可以引导虚拟条件句,表示不可实现的条件,从句中多用一般过去时或过去完成时。
If I had enough money, I should(would)buy the car.
如果我有足够的钱,我就会买下这辆车。(事实上现在钱不够)
If I had got up earlier I should(would)have met her.
如果我起床早一些的话,我就会遇见她了。(事实上我起床晚了)
If he would come here tomorrow, I should(would)talk to him.
如果他明天来这里的话,我就会和他谈一谈。(事实上他明天来的可能性极小)
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