来源:网络资源 2023-01-09 16:34:27
作宾语
1.作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:
admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,give up,cannot help(can't help),imagine,include,keep,understand,keep on,mind,report,risk,miss,put off,delay,practise,resist,suggest,depend on,think about,set about,succeed in,worry about,burst out,insist on,feel like,be used to,get used to,devote…to…,look forward to,pay attention to,get down to,escape 等。如:
They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走,说个不停。
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。
Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。
有些动词之后既可接动词不定式,又可接动名词,可把这类动词分为三种类型:两种形式所表达的含义基本相同,可以互换。这类动词有:
attempt ,begin,cease,continue,intend,omit,start,cannot bear,decline,disdain,loathe,neglect,commence。例如:
They ceased talking/to talk.他们停止说话。
Prices will continue to rise/rising.物价将继续上扬。
What do you intend to do/doing next?你下一步打算干什么?
宾语用不定式和动名词所表达的含义略有变化。用不定式作宾语时,表示特定的一次性的未来动作;用动名词则表示一般的行为,或者是目前正在进行的行为。也可以说,动名词表示泛指的动作,而不定式表示特指的动作。常这样用的动词有:hate,like,love,prefer,dread等。
例如:
Would you like to go with me?你想跟我一起走吗?
He preferred to do this rather than do that.他宁愿做这件事,而不愿做那件事。
2.作介词的宾语
动词+介词+动名词
例如:The rain prevented us from completing the work.下雨妨碍我们完成工作。
She complains of the book being too difficult.她抱怨这本书太难。
形容词+介词+动名词
例如:I know who is responsible for breaking the window.我知道窗户是谁打破的。
名词+介词+动名词
例如:There are many ways of doing it.有许多方法可以做这件事。
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?我们休息呢还是开始干活?
there be和it is也可变为动名词there being 和it being与介词连用。
例如:The car stoppedbecause of there being no fuel in the tank.
因为油箱里没有油,所以汽车停了下来。
介词+动名词也可在句中作状语,表示时间、条件等。
例如:On leaving school,he went into business.一离开学校,他就投身到商业中去了。
3.作形容词的宾语
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时,要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。
例:
Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
The most popular pastime is playing chess.最大众化的消遣是下棋(The most popular pastime is to play chess.)
The only thing that interests her is working.她唯一感兴趣的事就是工作.
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