2023年初中英语阅读理解常考题型及解题技巧

如时间、地点、人物、事件等，同时将标记的信息尽量记在脑海中。

同学们在拿到阅读理解题时，不要急着看文章，先看给出的问题，标记问题中的重点信息，

根据问题中标记的关键信息，快速浏览全文，将阅读的重点放在文章的段首句，转折句和整篇文章的最后几句，明确每段讲述的主要内容，定位关键信息的具体位置。

每道题都要把四个选项进行对比，答案没有对的，只有更好的。

这一步的目的在于解题，要关注问题问的是什么，问什么答什么，根据找到的精确信息为依据，选择最匹配的答案即可。

选择答案时需要客观，判断选项时所有的判断依据都应该来自原文，不要加入自己的想法和判断，原文说什么就是什么。

1

归纳概括题

概括短文大意，归纳中心思想或选择短文标题，

一般来说，归纳概括题会要求主要考察学生对文章中心思想的理解和领会能力。

如果首位两段表达的主旨一致，文章的主旨便在这两段重复表达的内容中，找出选项中与首尾段主旨表达重复的最多的即可。

解答这类题型时要重点关注文章的首位两段，

如果首位两段表达的主旨思想不一致，则需要根据文章的段落结构来判断哪一段为主旨段，尾段出现的可能性更大，再根据主旨段选择一个最合适的即可。

标题选择是主旨句的压缩表达，同学们首先要注意抓住主旨句，再进行主要词汇的提炼，把一个句子提炼为几个关键词，最后考虑最最合适的选项即可。

2021年广州市中考真题

The top-selling album (唱片),Songs of the Humpback Whale, was made public in 1970.This collection of naturerecordings changed the way many people thought about whales,and it helped save thousands of whales’ lives.

30. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To call on people to save whales.

B. To tell how a good album was made.

C. To show that whales are bornsingers.

D. To introduce an album and its stories.

笞案：A

解祈：归纳概括题。根据文中的“This collection of naturerecordings changed the way many people thought about whales,and it helped save thousands of whales’ lives."以及后面的具体说明可知作者通过这篇文章号召人们拯救鲸鱼，放选"To call on people to save whales.” 。

2

词意猜测题

词意猜测题一般是选取段落中的一个生词，要求考生猜测词义或者对其在特定段落中的意义进行猜测，需要通过联系上下文和构词法来做题。

解答此类题，同学们首先要熟练掌握大纲单词，注重词汇的拓展延伸学习，其次要联系上下文，注意词汇的位置，把词放到句子中，把句子放到段落中去理解。

2021 广州市中考真题

Some people believe that procrastination will make them.But researchers disagree.“I did a study several years ago, asking procrastinators to finish a task in a certain period of time,”says Stone. “They did worse than non-procrastinators: they made more mistakes and they tooklonger. But they thought they did better.” No matter what the cause is, procrastination is usuallynot going to be good for you...

"thrive"

39.The underlined wordin Paragraph 3 most probably means____.A.think fasterB.work more successfullyC.give up more easilyD.worry too much

答案：B解析：词义猜测题。根据文中的"But researchers disagree ”以及后面的研究结果可知 thrive 意思应当是 work more successfully。

3

细节理解题

时间、地点、方式、过程、解决、人物之间的关系

细节理解题可直接从文章中去寻找答案，经常考察的有，词汇句子的含义等。

细节理解题设题方式相对单一，主要是针对某些容易混淆的细节进行提问，难度较小，属于浅层理解题目。考察的题目类型主要包括：

1)是非判断

Which of the following statements is (Not)True?

2)特殊疑问词提问

What/who/when/where/how/why…?

3)排序题类型

Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?

……

解答此类题目首先是要找出题目和选项中的关键字，一般为数字、人名或地名，再通过跳读快速定位信息的出处，通过比对关键信息与选项，抉择出答案。

细节理解题，出题者常用改动细微处，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，替换观点等来迷惑考生，在答题时要多注意句子的非主干成分如定语、状语、补语等。

2021 年深圳中考真题

In the 1940s, villagers in Shashiyu had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong wish for a better life. Zhang Guishun, the Party secretary of Shashiyu, encouraged his villagers to do their best to pull themselves out of poverty. "In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can't we? Nobody was born to be poor?" Hearing his words, the villagers decided to make a difference.

11. Why did Zhang Guishun use the story of Yu Gong to encourage the villagers?

A. Because Yu Gong had strong will and hard work.

B. Because Yu Gong was born poor too.

C. Because the villagers worshiped Yu Gong.

D. Because Yu Gong became rich at last.

笞案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据文中“In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can’t we?”可知，张贵顺用愚公的故事来激励村民是因为愚公意志坚强，工作努力。故选 A。

4

逻辑推理题

逻辑推理题为重点题型，一般占到阅读理解题的 30% 左右，着重考察学生的逻辑判断、归纳概括等能力。

这类题型要求考生纵观全文，在对全文有把握的基础上进行正确的逻辑推理，判断事件的前因后果，人物的性格和动机等，需要通读全文后根据关键的信息来分析判断。

解答此类题型要注意两点：一是与原文相同的细节不能选，二是文章没有的信息不能跳出原文做判断，在此基础上结合文章的细节做出判断即可。

此外，除非文章中作者的观点比较绝对，否则选项中出现绝对化的形容词要立即排出。(none，must，only，never，all)

2021 年深圳中考真题

In 2009, the city-level government investedover 1 million yuan ($152, 723) to change the village's exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier generations.After 10 years, the village was called "National Forest Village".

14. When was Shashiyu called "National Forest Village"?A. In 2009.B. In 2004.C. In 2015.D. In 2019.

笞案：D解析：推理判断题。根据文中“In 2009, the city-level government invested over 1 million yuan ($152, 723) to change the villages exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier generations. After 10 years, the village was called “National Forest Village”. 可推理出，沙石峪在 2019 年被称“国家森林村”。故选 D。

5

代词指代题

代词指代题要求考生根据一定的语境推测代词所指代的内容，属于理解类题目，难度可大可小。常考的标志词有:it,that,this,one,these,those等。

名词、名词性短语或句子

解这类题时，同学们可以根据语境在代词所在句或上文中寻找代词所指代的，然后将其替换至代词所在的句子中，看句意是否符合上下文逻辑、语法是否正确。

2022 年深圳中考冲刺题

Those

Some other things I would do at recess were chess andpaper cutting.might be worth trying. Maybe the teacher who is watching overall the kids needs someone to talk to as well. Whatever you want to do, don't let yourtime go to waste.

2. What does the underlined word "those" refer to?

A.New friends.

B.Chess and paper cutting.

C.Teachers.

D.Books.

答案：B

解析：代词指代题。根据划线单词前的内客"Some other things I would do at recess were chess and paper cutting."可知those指代国际象棋和剪纸，故选"Chess and paper cutting." 故选 B。

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