连词的分类
主要分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词
1)表示并列关系的并列连词有:and, both...and..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等。
To make our dreams come true, we are supposed to set goals ______ then try our best to achieve them.
A. or B. and C. but
2)表示转折关系的并列连词有:but,yet,however,while等
Money is very important ______ it’s not the most important thing.
A. or B. and C. so D. But
3)表示选择关系的并列连词有:or, or else, either...or...,otherwise等。
—I am tired.—Stop working and have a good rest, _____ you’ll get ill.
A. or B. but C. and
4)表示因果关系的并列连词有:so, for, therefore等。
注意:for和because在表示“原因”时意思基本相同, 一般可以互相代用。because引导的从句一般放在主句后, 有时也可放在主句前, 而for引导的句子只能放在主句后。另外在回答Why的问句时, 只能用because不能用for。
从属连词
1) 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:when,while,as,after,before, since, until, as soon as等。
注意:在过去进行时中,while后只能接延续性动词,when后既可以接延续性动词,也可以接非延续性动词。
【例句】
I was doing my homework while/when my brother was playing computer games.
注意:
Since 用于现在完成时,(1)时间点;(2)一段时间+ago; (3)从句
Not until 位于句首要倒装
as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,遵循主将从现的原则
2) 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because, as, since等。
3) 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有:where,wherever等。
4) 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if, unless, in case, as long as等。
—Emma failed her exams. I think she should work harder.
—I agree. ______ she does, she’ll get good grades.
A. If B. Because C. Before D. Though
5)引导目的状语从句的从属连词有:so that, in order that等。
6)引导让步状语从句的从属连词有:though, although, even though, however等。
Mary spends a lot of money on clothes ______ her family is not rich.
A. because B. though C. if D. so
7) 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有:as, as if, as though等。
8)引导比较状语从句的从属连词有:as, as...as..., not so...as..., than等。
注意:as ...as 中跟形容词/副词原级,到底是形容词还是副词,取决于as前的动词。
as...as既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句。但是so...as只能用于否定。
9)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so, so...that..., such...that...等。
—Did you catch what the teacher said?
—No. She spoke _______fast that I couldn’t hear her very clearly.
A. which B. so C. such D. since
注意:such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词短语,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 修饰名词时,只能与such搭配。
10) 引导宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的从属连词有:that, if, whether, what, when, why, where, how等。
注意:
if有两个意思,作“是否”讲时,引导由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句; 作“如果,假如”讲时,引导条件状语从句
易错点:
在否定句中,并列结构用or 连接,但含有两个否定词的句子实际上被看作是肯定结构,要用and连接。
3.because“因为”,so“所以”不能同时出现在同一个句子中,只能用其一。(al)though“虽然”,but“但是”也不能同时出现在同一个句子中。
4.句型both...and的用法连接主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
句型not only...but also...的用法
①连接两个成分,其谓语动词根据就近原则,与所靠近的成分保持数的一致。
②连接两个句子
not only…but also…可以连接两个句子,not only位于句首时,not only后的句子要倒装。
句型either...or..., neither...nor...的用法
either...or..., neither...nor...连接主语时,谓语动词也采用就近原则。