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来源：网络资源 2023-07-12 17:31:34
考点、难点全剖析
— 现在完成时 —
一、现在完成时的含义
表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
二、现在完成时的结构
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
★肯定句
：主语+have/has+过去分词done
否定句：
主语+have/has+not+过去分词done
一般疑问句：
Have/Has+主语+过去分词done
Yes,主语+have/has.
No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t
（划重点，这个经常在单选中出现）
★过去分词：
1、规则动词：
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则：
①一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”:
work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
②以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”:
live---lived---lived,
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“ed”:
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried
④重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”:
stop---stopped---stopped, drop---dropped--dropped
2.不规则动词
不规则的就只能靠自己去记忆啦!
建议在平时的学习过程中自己动手整理，发现一个就把它记到自己的整理本或者笔记本上!(注意哦，一定要记在一起啊，记得在笔记本上预留他们的专属位置哟)
三、常见用法（重点）
1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，
有以下四大标志词:
①already,just和yet
Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的帮助。
Hehasjustseenthefilm.他刚刚看过这场电影。(看电影这个是已经完成的)
Hehasn'tcomebackyet.他还没有回来。(没有回来，对现在造成了影响)
②ever和never
This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。
③以动作发生的次数为标志
He says he has been to the USA three times.
④so far，before, recently, lately
He has bought a new car recently.
I haven’t heard from him Jane lately.
2. 表示动作或状态在过去某一时刻就已经开始，且持续到现在，常与 for（+时间段）,since（+时间点），或 how long连用:
①for + 时段
Mary has been ill for three days.
②since + 过去一个时间点
(自从……以来)
He has been a teacher since 1998.
③since + 时段 + ago
He has studied English since 4 years ago.
④since + 从句(过去时)
I have lived here since I was born.
⑤It is + 时段 + since + 从句(过去时)
It is three days since he arrived here.
四、易错考点+难点（重点）
注意：
1、表示短暂意义的动词（即非延续性动词）如open, go, come, arrive, leave, lose, fallleave, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for 或 since等引导的时间段连用，（因为它们表示的动作是短暂的，而时间段并不是短暂，所以不匹配）。
例：他到这里三天了.
(×)He has arrived here for three days.
(√)He has been here for three days.
(×)It is three days since he arrived here.
(√)It has been three days since he arrived here.
敲黑板，划重点!
这一块是经常会考到的内容，
一定要注意，
一定要注意，
一定要注意!
重要的事情说三遍!
那么问题来了，如果非要把非延续性动词与一段时间连用要怎么办??
嗯，这个嘛，其实有三种方法：
①非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
非延续性动词
转化
延续性动词
buy
→
have
come
→
behere
die
→
bedead
go
→
bethere
leave
→
beaway
arrive/reach
→
be
open/close
→
beopen/beclosed
wakeup
→
beawake
borrow
→
keep
②将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。
如：SheleftChangchun2yearsago.
她两年前离开长春。
③用“Itis+一段时间+since从句”表示。
从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式
如：It has been three days since he arrived here.
他到这儿已经三天了。
2、现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in ，
但可以和不明确指出时间的状语，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。
例如：
She has already come.她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet.我还没读过这个。
I have met him before.我从前曾见过他。
I have often seen him in the street.我经常在街上看见他。
They have never been to Yan’an.他们从未去过延安。
I haven't seen him lately.我近来没看到他。
3、have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：
表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。
试比较：
Where has he been?他刚才到哪里去了?(已经回来了)
Where has he gone?他上哪儿去了?(人不在)
They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大)
They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。
专项练习题
— 现在完成时 —
一、用since和for填空。
1. ____two years 2.____two years ago
3. ____last month 4. ____1999
5. ____ yesterday 6. ____4 o’clock
7.____ 4 hours 8. ____an hour ago
二、选用have, has填空。
1. I _______ told him the news.
2. She ________ come back from school.
3. You ________ won the game.
三、用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空。
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4.— “Have you ________ seen the film?”
—“No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. — “Has the bus left _______?”
—“Yes, it has _________ left.”
四、单项选择。
1. —Dad, where is mom?
—She______the supermarket.
A. has gone to B. has been to
C. is going to D. went to
2. By the time I graduate next year, I will____ here for 5 years.
A. live B. is living C. lived D. have lived
3. Both his parents look sad.Maybe they____what's happened to him .
A.knew B.have known C. must know D.will know
4. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A.joined B.has joined C. was in D.has been in
5. -Do you know him well ?
- Sure.We ____ friends since ten years ago .
A.were B.have been
C.have become D. have made
6.-How long have you ____ here ?
-About two months .
A.been B.gone C.come D.arrived
7.Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A.has begun B.had begun
C.has been on D.began
8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
9. —Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?
— Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to
C. went to D. will go to
10. —____ you ever ____ to the US?
— Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been
C. Do, go D. were, going
五.用适当的时态填空。
1.She’s _____ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ____ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
3.Both of them ____ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour ____ (pass) since the train____ (leave).
5. Mary____(lose) her pen.____you____(see) it here and there?
6. ____ you ____ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty?
---No I ____ just ____ (have) some orange.
8. We already____ (return) the book.
9. ____ they ____ (build) a new school in the village?
10. I____ (not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11. My father____ (read) the novel twice.
12. I____ (buy) a book just now.
六、翻译下面的句子。
1.他还没有回来。
2. 他们已经打扫了教室吗?
3. 我们已经认识有二十年了。
4. 打那以后，她一直住在这。
5. 他这些天上哪儿去了?
6. 我已经完成了家庭作业。
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