2024年初中英语语法大全：现在完成时和过去完成

现在完成时 和过去完成

定义现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去　但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have (has) +过去分词。

用法：

1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响，句中没有具体的时间状语。此时多于never， ever， just，before，already，yet等连用。

2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会继续持续下去。常与for，since等一段时间状语连用。

注意：表示暂短动作的词(如come，go，borrow，lend，die，bur，marry等)的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的状语连用。

例如：How long may I keep the book?这本书我可以借多久?

Two weeks

Borrow和lend 都是暂短性动词，当表示借多久时，用动词keep

常见的短暂性动词转换成延续性动词

leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have,

begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over,

join --- be in+组织机构,be a member of+组织机构,

open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill,

get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold,

come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be,

come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep,

get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from,

get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，

put on→ wear;catch a cold →have a cold等。

例:The old man died 4 years ago.

----The old man has been dead for 4 years.

---- It is 4 years since the old man died.

----Four years has passed since the old man died.

He joined the Party 2 years ago.

-----He has been in the Party for 2 years.

I bought the book 5 days ago.

---- I have had the book for 5 days.

比较过去时与现在完成时

1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,　till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

举例：

I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了。)

I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。)

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

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